Table 2.
Age, BMI, and grip strength distributions (mean ± SD) in different chronic disease statuses among male participants (n = 1600).
| Age | BMI | GS | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variables | Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | |||
| CVD $ | ||||||
| No | 73.0 ± 6.0 | *** | 24.8 ± 3.4 | ** | 33.0 ± 7.1 | * |
| Yes | 74.5 ± 6.4 | 25.5 ± 3.6 | 31.8 ± 7.2 | |||
| CVA | ||||||
| No | 73.2 ± 6.1 | 24.9 ± 3.4 | 33.0 ± 7.1 | *** | ||
| Yes | 74.3 ± 5.7 | 25.0 ± 3.0 | 29.5 ± 7.3 | |||
| Hypertension | ||||||
| No | 72.6 ± 5.9 | *** | 24.3 ± 3.2 | *** | 33.0 ± 7.1 | |
| Yes | 74.1 ± 6.1 | 25.8 ± 3.5 | 32.6 ± 7.1 | |||
| Hyperlipidemia | ||||||
| No | 73.3 ± 6.1 | 24.8 ± 3.4 | *** | 32.8 ± 7.1 | ||
| Yes | 72.6 ± 5.6 | 26.0 ± 3.4 | 33.1 ± 7.2 | |||
| DM | ||||||
| No | 73.4 ± 6.1 | 24.8 ± 3.4 | *** | 33.0 ± 7.2 | ||
| Yes | 72.8 ± 6.1 | 25.6 ± 3.5 | 32.2 ± 6.8 | |||
| All cancer | ||||||
| No | 73.2 ± 6.1 | 24.9 ± 3.4 | 32.8 ± 7.2 | |||
| Yes | 74.1 ± 6.0 | 24.8 ± 3.2 | 32.1 ± 6.7 | |||
| CKD | ||||||
| No | 73.1 ± 6.0 | *** | 24.9 ± 3.4 | 32.9 ± 7.1 | ** | |
| Yes | 76.0 ± 5.8 | 24.9 ± 3.6 | 30.4 ± 7.4 | |||
| Disease status † | ||||||
| 0 disease | 72.6 ± 6.0 | ** | 24.1 ± 3.1 | *** | 33.5 ± 7.3 | * |
| 1 disease | 73.4 ± 5.9 | 25.1 ± 3.4 | 32.6 ± 7.0 | |||
| 2 diseases | 74.0 ± 6.3 | 25.4 ± 3.6 | 32.2 ± 6.9 | |||
| ≥3 diseases | 73.8 ± 6.1 | 26.5 ± 3.3 | 32.1 ± 7.3 | |||
Abbreviations: CVD, cardiovascular disease; CVA, cerebrovascular disease; DM, diabetes mellitus; CKD, chronic kidney disease. $ Compared between with and without disease using the student t-test: * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001. † Compared among disease statuses using the ANOVA test: * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001.