Table 3.
Age, BMI, and grip strength distributions (mean ± SD) in different chronic disease statuses among female participants (n = 2139).
| Age | BMI | GS | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variables | Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | |||
| CVD $ | ||||||
| No | 72.5 ± 5.9 | *** | 25.0 ± 3.8 | 21.7 ± 4.8 | * | |
| Yes | 74.1 ± 6.1 | 25.4 ± 3.9 | 21.1 ± 4.9 | |||
| CVA | ||||||
| No | 72.7 ± 6.0 | 25.1 ± 3.8 | * | 21.6 ± 4.8 | ||
| Yes | 73.6 ± 5.3 | 26.4 ± 4.1 | 21.6 ± 4.4 | |||
| Hypertension | ||||||
| No | 72.0 ± 5.7 | *** | 24.4 ± 3.6 | *** | 21.9 ± 4.9 | ** |
| Yes | 73.6 ± 6.1 | 26.0 ± 4.0 | 21.3 ± 4.7 | |||
| Hyperlipidemia | ||||||
| No | 72.7 ± 6.0 | 25.0 ± 3.9 | * | 21.6 ± 4.8 | ||
| Yes | 72.7 ± 6.0 | 25.5 ± 3.8 | 21.8 ± 5.1 | |||
| DM | ||||||
| No | 72.7 ± 6.0 | 25.0 ± 3.8 | ** | 21.8 ± 4.9 | ** | |
| Yes | 72.8 ± 5.7 | 25.6 ± 3.9 | 21.0 ± 4.5 | |||
| All cancer | ||||||
| No | 72.7 ± 6.0 | 25.1 ± 3.8 | 21.6 ± 4.8 | * | ||
| Yes | 71.4 ± 4.7 | 25.2 ± 4.2 | 23.1 ± 5.7 | |||
| CKD | ||||||
| No | 72.7 ± 5.9 | ** | 25.1 ± 3.9 | 21.6 ± 4.8 | ||
| Yes | 74.7 ± 6.2 | 24.9 ± 3.7 | 21.4 ± 5.2 | |||
| Disease status † | ||||||
| 0 disease | 71.8 ± 5.9 | *** | 24.3 ±3.5 | *** | 21.9 ± 4.8 | * |
| 1 disease | 73.0 ± 5.9 | 25.3 ± 4.0 | 21.6 ± 4.9 | |||
| 2 diseases | 73.5 ± 5.9 | 25.9 ± 3.9 | 21.2 ± 4.8 | |||
| ≥3 diseases | 73.6 ± 6.3 | 25.9 ± 3.9 | 21.2 ± 4.7 | |||
Abbreviations: CVD, cardiovascular disease; CVA, cerebrovascular disease; DM, diabetes mellitus; CKD, chronic kidney disease. $ Compared between with and without disease using student t-tests: * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001. † Compared among disease statuses using the ANOVA test: * p < 0.05, *** p < 0.001.