Table 1.
Selection of remarkable Yarrowia lipolytica wild-type or engineered (GM) strains of biotechnological interest deposited in public yeast collections (haploid, unless specified).
| Strain Usual Name/Origin (Reference Number in Yeast Collections—cf. Table 2) |
Genotype Phenotype |
Remarkable Characteristics | Usual Applications |
|---|---|---|---|
| A-101/carwash effluents, Poland [123] not publicly available (a) |
ND wild-type prototroph |
robust growth on oil [123], high citric acid production [124], sequenced strain [125] |
in situ soil bioremediation [51,52], citric acid production [124], UV-mutagenesis and metabolic engineering host for design of improved strains producing citrate or erythritol [70,126,127,128] |
| ACA-DC 50109 [aka LGAM S(7)1]/Greece [129] (b) | ND wild-type prototroph |
very high lipid content and productivity [129,130], robust growth on crude glycerol, simultaneous high lipid and citric acid yields [131] |
production of organic acids (notably citric acid) and SCO [129,130,131,132,133,134], including cocoa butter substitute [31,32], parent of evolved strain with increase oleaginicity [135], metabolic engineering host for design of improved GM strains [133,134] |
| ACA-DC 5033 [aka ACA-YC 5033]/acid sourdough, Greece [136] | ND wild-type prototroph |
robust growth on crude glycerol, simultaneous high lipid and citric acid yields [24] | SCO, citric acid and polyol production [24,137] |
| ATCC 18942 [aka YB-423]/corn-processing plant, USA [138] (CBS 6124, CLIB 183, JCM 2320 and 8060, MUCL 29853, NBRC 1548, NRRL YB-423) |
MatA MatB wild-type prototroph |
diploid type strain [138], robust growth [139] |
yeast biomass production [139] |
| ATCC 20362 [aka 2002]/USA | ND wild-type prototroph |
robust growth, high lipid content and productivity [57] |
degradation of petroleum crude oil (US patent 3856667A), metabolic engineering host for design of Dupont GM PUFA-producing platform (cf. Section 2.3.2) [57,58] |
| ATCC 48436/soil, Japan [140] (CBS 6303, CLIB 703, JCM 8054, NBRC 10073) |
MatA wild-type prototroph |
produces lipase activators [140] | lipase production [140], parent strain for Artechno highly lipolytic mutants used for bioremediation (cf. Section 2.3.1) |
| D 1805/France [141] (ATCC 20390) |
MatA MatB wild-type prototroph |
non-sporulating diploid, robust growth [141,142], self-cycling fermentation [143] |
organic acid production [143] |
| H222/soil, Germany [10,144] (CLIB 80) |
MatA wild-type prototroph |
better fructose assimilation, high citric acid production [144], sequenced strain [34,37] |
organic acid production, metabolic engineering host for design of improved GM strains [145,146] |
| NCIM 3589/marine waters, India [147] | ND wild-type prototroph |
biofilm formation [148] emulsifier production [149] |
gold nanoparticle production [102] |
| SWJ-1b/marine fish gut, China [4] (MCCC 2E00068) |
ND wild-type prototroph |
high level of crude protein [4] |
citric acid and SCP production [150], metabolic engineering host for design of improved GM strains [151,152] ARTP-mutagenesis host for design of improved strains producing erythritol [153] |
| W29/sewage water *, France [11,154] (ATCC 20460, CBS 7504, CICC 1778, CLIB 89, NBRC 113670, NRLL Y-3178, VKPM Y-3178) |
MatA wild-type prototroph |
high secretion level of proteins [10,155], sequenced strain [36,156] |
organic acid production [11], basis for the Po1 series of heterologous protein-producing GM strains and the JMY2566 GM strain for high-throughput applications (cf. Figure 2), basis for GM obese strains (cf. Section 3.1.4) |
| E129/GM from a W29 and ATCC 18942 crossing [10,157] (CLIB 121) (cf. Figure 2) |
MatA, lys11-23, leu2-270, ura3-302, xpr2-322 Lys−, Leu−, Ura−, Suc+, ΔAEP |
able to grow on sucrose [10,15] deleted for alkaline extracellular protease [10] |
heterologous protein production [155] |
| E150/GM from a W29 and ATCC 18942 crossing [10,157] (CLIB 122) (cf. Figure 2) |
MatB, his1, leu2-270, ura3-302, xpr2-322 His−, Leu−, Ura−, Suc+, ΔAEP |
able to grow on sucrose [10,15] deleted for alkaline extracellular protease [10], reference sequenced strain [33,34] |
reference for assembling and annotating genomes [33,34] |
| Po1d/GM from W29 [158] (CLIB 139) (cf. Figure 2) |
MatA, leu2-270, ura3-302, xpr2-322 Leu−, Ura−, Suc+, ΔAEP |
able to grow on sucrose [15] deleted for alkaline extracellular protease [158] |
heterologous protein production [19,20,158], metabolic engineering host for design of GM strains for multiple applications [19,20] metabolic engineering host for design of Oxyrane ERT-producing platform (cf. Section 2.3.2) [61] |
| Po1f/GM from W29 [159] (ATCC MYA-2613, CLIB 724, VKPM Y-3155) (cf. Figure 2) |
MatA, leu2-270, ura3-302, xpr2-322, axp1-2 Leu−, Ura−, Suc+, ΔAEP, ΔAXP |
able to grow on sucrose [15] deleted for both extracellular proteases [159], sequenced strain [160,161] |
heterologous protein production [19,20,159], metabolic engineering host for design of GM strains for multiple applications [19,20] |
| Po1g/GM from W29 [159] (CLIB 725) (cf. Figure 2) |
MatA, leu2-270, ura3-302::URA3, xpr2-322, axp1-2 Leu−, Suc+, ΔAEP, ΔAXP |
able to grow on sucrose [15] deleted for both extracellular proteases, carry a pBR322 docking platform [159] |
heterologous protein production [19,20,159], included in the YLEX kit for expression/secretion of heterologous proteins [19,20] (cf. Section 2.3.2) |
| Po1h/GM from W29 [18,43] (CLIB 882) (cf. Figure 2) |
MatA, ura3-302, xpr2-322, axp1-2 Ura−, Suc+, ΔAEP, ΔAXP |
able to grow on sucrose [15] deleted for both extracellular proteases [18,43] |
heterologous protein production [18,19,20,43], metabolic engineering host for design of GM strains for multiple applications [19,20] |
| Po1t/GM from W29 [18,43] (CLIB 883) (cf. Figure 2) |
MatA, leu2-270, LEU2, ura3-302::URA3, xpr2-322, axp1-2 Suc+, ΔAEP, ΔAXP |
able to grow on sucrose [15] deleted for both extracellular proteases, carry a pBR322 docking platform, GM prototroph [18,43] |
negative control for heterologous protein production by other Po1 strains [18,43] |
| JMY2566/GM from W29 [162] (CLIB 1779) (cf. Figure 2) |
MatA, leu2-270, ura3::pTEF-RedStar2-LEU2-zeta, xpr2-322 Ura−, ΔAEP, RedStar2 |
deleted for alkaline extracellular protease, fluorescent (red) strain, carry a zeta LTR sequences docking platform [162] |
high-throughput mutant library screening [162] |
| VKM Y-2373/Russia (Fed) VKM Y-2412/Russia (Fed) not publicly available (c) |
ND wild-type prototroph |
natural overproducers of, respectively, (iso)citric acid [163,164] and KGA [165] |
organic acid production [163,164,165], basis for traditionally obtained 704-UV4-A/NG50 mutant for improved (iso)citric acid production [163] |
| WSH-Z06/oil-polluted soil (refinery), China [166] not publicly available (d) |
ND wild-type prototroph |
thiamine-auxotrophic natural overproducer of KGA [166,167], sequenced strain [168] |
KGA and keto acids production [167], basis for traditionally obtained hyper-producer mutants [168], metabolic engineering host for design of improved GM strains [169,170] |
| YB-392/gluten settler, USA YB-419/maize fiber tailings, USA (NRRL YB-392 and NRRL YB-419) YB-420, YB-566 and YB-567 (not publicly available, do not appear on online catalog) |
ND wild-type prototrophs |
biomass hydrolysate consumption, inhibitor tolerance, high lipid/fatty acid or sugar alcohol production (cf. Section 3.2) [118], sequenced strains [171] |
five strains selected as promising candidates for industrial biocatalysis [118,171] |
Strains are listed per alphabetic order of wild-type strain usual name, with their corresponding GM derivatives afterward (by chronological order of construction). (a) deposited at the collection of Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences. (b) deposited for safe at the Agricultural College of Athens-Dairy Collection under the name ACA-DC 5109, but not available from the collection: should be requested from the Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens. (c) deposited at VKM (cf. Table 2) but do not appear on online catalog. (d) deposited at the China Center for Type Culture Collection (CCTCC M207143). * Erroneously indicated as isolated from soil in other yeast collections. Abbreviations used, per order of occurrence in the table: GM, genetically modified; ND, non-determined or not disclosed; UV, ultraviolet light; SCO, single cell oil; PUFA, poly-unsaturated fatty acids; SCP, single cell protein; ARTP, atmospheric and room temperature plasma; ERT, enzyme replacement therapy; KGA, α-ketoglutaric acid.