Figure 4.

Visualization and quantification of nuclear envelope disruption (NED). (A). Time lapse imaging of migrating MCF10A cells treated with TGFß and stably expressing the fluorescent markers YFP linked to the Nuclear Localization Signal (YFP-NLS) [74]. Confocal imaging in YFP channel and bright field allows the visualization of sudden leakage of YFP-NLs into the cytoplasm, showing a loss of proper compartmentalization of the nucleus during 8.30 mn and the loss of compartmentalization of the micronuclei at 12.10 mn of time. (B). Graph shows nuclear fluorescence intensity changes upon time in 10 cells with events of interphase NED/nuclear envelope repair observed in TGFß-treated MCF10A cells. Bold colored lines highlight repetitive NED events from the same cell. Adapted from Comaills et al. [10].