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. 2021 Jul 6;22(14):7281. doi: 10.3390/ijms22147281

Figure 6.

Figure 6

The cGAS–cGAMP–STING signaling pathway: a universal sensor for double-strand DNA (dsDNA). (A). cGAS function is to sense DNA from the cytoplasm as result of infection, genomic, or mitochondrial instability. cGAS activation through the generation of cGAMP will drive the activation of the innate immune response and leads to the secretion of Interferon type 1 as well as a cocktail of cytokines. (B). Molecular mechanism of cGAS/STING pathway. cGAMP is the ligand for the STING receptor (shown in pink) and results in the activation of the transcription regulator factors NF-κβ and IRF-3 that drive the secretion of several pro-inflammatory molecules (Adapted from Ablasser et al. [100] and Motwani et al. [97]).