Fig. 5.

Longitudinal (intrasubject) analysis for metabolites. Metabolites with a statistically significant (Wilcoxon signed rank test, P value < 0.05) change in abundance in at least one preonset time point compared with CD onset in (A) cases and (B) controls. Box plots for significant features are shown in SI Appendix, Fig. S2. Time points at which a significant change is observed are shown in SI Appendix, Fig. S5. Similarly, only metabolites with a uniquely observed change in cases or controls are reported.