Table 4.

Some reported X-ray SCNPs with the required energy to activate them and the emission wavelengths. Adapted with permission from [179].

Excitation (X-ray Dose)	Emission (nm)	X-ray Scintillator (Size)	Ref.
6 MeV, 30 keV 1–6 Gy	340	CeF3 (9 nm)	[188]
50 keV 1–10 Gy	520	SrAl2O4:Eu2+ (407 nm)	[189]
90 keV, 3 Gy	520	LaF3:Ce3+ (2 µm)	[190]
75 keV	544	LaF3:Tb (40 nm)	[191]
75 keV	540	LaF3:Tb silica coated (45 nm)	[192]
6 MeV, 0.4–2 Gy	545	SiC/SiOx core/shell nanowires (40 nm)	[193]
80 keV	540	LaF3:Tb (25 nm)	[194]
44 keV, 11 Gy	540	Tb2O3 coated polysiloxane (10 nm)	[195]
15 keV	595	GdEuC12 (4.6 nm)	[196]
225 keV, 2 Gy	500	HfnMOL (1.2 nm)	[197]
120 keV, 2 Gy	510	ZnS:Cu,co (4 nm)	[198]
220 keV, 8 Gy	305	LiYF4:Ce (35 nm)	[199]
50 keV, 5Gy	720	LiGa5O8:Cr (100 nm)	[200]
160 keV, 5 Gy	543	NaLuF4:Gd,Eu (25 nm)	[201]
1.48 keV	300–450	Y2.99Pr0.01Al5O12@SiO2 (75 nm)	[202]