Table 5.
Description of representative implants used for mPDT.
| Light Source | Emission | Implant Size | Encapsulation | External Source (Activation/Charging) | PS |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (ZGC) PLNPs [236] |
695 nm Hours of emission |
- | PLGA/NMP oleosol | LED: 400–750 nm for 2 or 5 min |
HPPH, Photoclor Abs. peaks: 385 nm, 666 nm Emission: 670 nm |
| GPM (+PS) [237] |
520 nm >2 h emission |
Various shapes and sizes (mm-range) | PDMS | Laser: 980 nm 2 W/cm2 for 5 s |
Rose Bengal Abs. peak: 559 nm Emission: 571.5 nm |
| UCNPs [238] |
635 nm | 3 cm | PEGDA+FEP | Laser: 980 nm 1109 mW/cm2 for 5–10 min |
5-ALA Abs. Peaks: 405 nm, 630 nm |
| LEDs [239] |
660 and 440 nm | 15 mm3 | medical-grade silicone | RF (1 and 1.5 GHz) for 30 min |
Ce6 Abs. Peaks: 400 nm, 663 nm Emission at 667 nm |
| LEDs [240] |
630, 530, 460 nm | LED chip: 7.0 × 11 × 0.8 mm3 +PDMS+PDA: ~650 nm-thick |
PMDS+PDA (adhesive) | Near-field communication (13.56 MHz) for 10 days |
Photofrin-saline & 5-ALA |
| LEDs [242] |
640, 470 nm | 2 × 2 × 2 mm3 2 × 4 × 2 mm3 +surface mounted LEDs |
5 μm of parylene-C | Ultrasonic 185 mW/cm2 at 720 kHz for 30 min |
Verteporfin Abs. peak: 415, 580, 680 nm Emission: 690 nm |