Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of cohort population based on lung cancer incidence in the development and validation cohorts.
| Developmental Cohort (n = 1,975,846) | Validation Cohort (n = 803,934) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lung Cancer Did Not Develop (n = 1,859,099) |
Lung Cancer Developed (n = 16,747) |
p-Value a | Lung Cancer Did Not Develop (n = 796,819) |
Lung Cancer Developed (n = 7115) |
p-Value a | |
| Age (years) (N, %) | ||||||
| 40–49 | 725,609 (39.0) | 1481 (8.8) | <0.001 | 310,720 (39.0) | 561 (7.9) | <0.0001 |
| 50–59 | 578,958 (31.1) | 3859 (23.0) | 247,804 (31.1) | 1674 (23.5) | ||
| 60–69 | 361,299 (19.4) | 6193 (37.0) | 155,121 (19.5) | 2659 (37.4) | ||
| 70–79 | 168,698 (9.1) | 4606 (27.5) | 72,753 (9.1) | 1989 (28.0) | ||
| ≥80 | 24,535 (1.3) | 608 (3.6) | 10,421 (1.3) | 232 (3.3) | ||
| Sex (male) (N, %) | 926,036 (49.8) | 11,989 (71.6) | <0.001 | 396,541 (49.8) | 5200 (73.1) | <0.0001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) (N, %) | ||||||
| <18.5 | 40,779 (2.2) | 670 (4.0) | <0.001 | 17,599 (2.2) | 260 (3.65) | <0.0001 |
| 18.5–23 | 668,716 (36.0) | 6668 (39.8) | 286,694 (36.0) | 2839 (39.9) | ||
| 23–25 | 496,918 (26.7) | 4329 (25.9) | 212,892 (26.7) | 1868 (26.3) | ||
| 25–30 | 590,430 (31.8) | 4714 (28.2) | 252,927 (31.7) | 2004 (28.2) | ||
| ≥30 | 62,256 (3.4) | 366 (2.2) | 26,707 (3.4) | 144 (2.0) | ||
| Smoking (pack-years) (N, %) | ||||||
| Nonsmoker | 1,193,868 (64.2) | 7247 (43.3) | <0.001 | 512,328 (64.3) | 2973 (41.8) | <0.0001 |
| <10 | 158,726 (8.5) | 979 (5.9) | 68,088 (8.5) | 423 (6.0) | ||
| 10–20 | 185,327 (10.0) | 1571 (9.4) | 79,402 (10.0) | 646 (9.1) | ||
| 20–30 | 157,04 7(8.5) | 1899 (11.3) | 67,004 (8.4) | 861 (12.1) | ||
| ≥30 | 164,131 (8.8) | 5051 (30.2) | 69,997 (8.8) | 2212 (31.0) | ||
| Alcohol drinking (N, %) | ||||||
| Nondrinker | 1,085,573 (58.4) | 9421 (56.3) | <0.001 | 465,956 (58.5) | 3940 (55.4) | <0.0001 |
| Light drinker | 453,362 (24.4) | 3653 (21.8) | 194,041 (24.3) | 1568 (22.0) | ||
| Moderate drinker | 183,947 (9.9) | 1903 (11.3) | 78,682 (9.9) | 828 (11.6) | ||
| Heavy | 136,217 (7.3) | 1770 (10.6) | 58,140 (7.3) | 779 (11.0) | ||
| Type 2 DM (yes) (N, %) | 220,692 (11.9) | 3028 (18.1) | <0.001 | 95,092 (11.9) | 1329 (18.7) | <0.0001 |
| COPD (yes) (N, %) | 64,554 (3.5) | 1997 (11.9) | 28,004 (3.5) | 847 (11.9) | ||
| Pulmonary TB (yes) (N, %) | 22,083 (1.2) | 485 (2.9) | 9688 (1.2) | 228 (3.2) | ||
| Insurance coverage (Medicaid) (N, %) |
76,054 (4.1) | 738 (4.4) | 0.04 | 32,830 (4.1) | 311 (4.4) | 0.29 |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; DM, diabetes mellitus; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; TB, tuberculosis. a Tested using chi-square test for categorical variables.