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. 2021 Jul 19;10(7):1824. doi: 10.3390/cells10071824

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© 2021 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Differences among the subtypes of cardiorenal syndrome (CRS). (a) CRS type 1 or acute cardiorenal syndrome; (b) CRS type 2 or chronic cardiorenal syndrome; (c) CRS type 3 or acute reno-cardiac syndrome; (d) CRS type 4 or chronic reno-cardiac syndrome; (e) CRS type 5 or secondary cardiorenal syndrome. GFR: glomerular filtration rate; LV: left ventricular. Modified from [7].

Differences among the subtypes of cardiorenal syndrome (CRS). (a) CRS type 1 or acute cardiorenal syndrome; (b) CRS type 2 or chronic cardiorenal syndrome; (c) CRS type 3 or acute reno-cardiac syndrome; (d) CRS type 4 or chronic reno-cardiac syndrome; (e) CRS type 5 or secondary cardiorenal syndrome. GFR: glomerular filtration rate; LV: left ventricular. Modified from [7].