Figure 5.

Schematic overview of multi-scale atrial modeling and simulation of 3D virtual human atria. A computational model of the 3D human atria enables synergistic integration of multiple experimental data obtained with the use of different clinical modalities (such as CT, MRI, LGE-MRI, electrocardiography, genetics, proteins and membrane potential measurements) in one personalized heart simulation. The integrative nature of such a virtual-human atria simulation adds value to the existing clinical workflow by offering more quantitative and objective insight into the underlying AF substrates of a patient. In addition, the model provides a platform for virtual evaluation and optimization of a therapy [71].