Table 1.

A summary of the indicators of disease burden studied in selected articles (n = 13).

No.	Researcher and Year	Research Setting	Country Group	Approach				Source of Data	Indicator of Calculated Disease Burden
				Research Design	Calculation Method	Method	Cost Perspective
1	Abdo, et al. (2018) [15]	Lebanon	Upper-middleincome	Prospective	Cost of illness (COI)	Incidence-based	Healthcare system	203 stroke patients	Direct medical cost
2	Camacho, et al. (2018) [16]	Colombia	Upper-middleincome	Retrospective	Health expenditure	Prevalence-based	Third-party payer	Data are provided by ACEMI, an association of Colombian private health insurance companies	Direct medical cost
3	Cha, Yu–Jin (2018) [17]	South Korea	High income	Retrospective	Cost of illness (COI)	Prevalence-based	Participant (patients) and families	Insurance claims data generated during 2015 in Korea (N = 515,848)	Direct medical cost, direct cost, indirect cost.
4	Ganapathy (2015) [18]	United States	High income	Cross-sectional	Health expenditure	Prevalence-based	Society	Internet survey data were collected from 153 caregivers of stroke patients	Indirect cost (productivity lost)
5	İçağasıoğlu, et al. (2017) [19]	Turkey	Upper-Middleincome	Retrospective	Cost of Illness (COI)	Prevalence-based	Healthcare system	84 stroke patients	Direct and Indirect cost
6	Jennum, et al. (2015) [20]	Denmark	High income	Cross-sectional	Cost of illness (COI)	Prevalence-based	Society	Records from the Danish National Patient Registry of 93,047 ischemic, 26,012 hemorrhagic, and 128,824 stroke patients were unspecified and compared with 364,433, 103,741, and 500,490 matched controls, respectively.	Direct medical cost
7	Joo, et al. (2017) [21]	United States	High income	Retrospective	Health expenditure	Prevalence-based	Society	Using the 2010 Health and Pension Study, data on un-institutionalized adults aged ≥ 65 years (n = 10,129) in 2015–2017	Indirect medical cost
8	Lekander, et al. (2017) [22]	Sweden	High income	Prospective	Health expenditure	Incidence-based	Society	47,807 patients were diagnosed with stroke during 2007–2010, allowing for two years of follow-up	Total cost
9	Maredza and Chola (2016) [23]	South Africa	Upper-middleincome	Prospective	Cost of illness (COI)	Prevalence-based	Healthcare system	A population of around 90,000 people living in the Agincourt sub-district of Mpumalanga province, northeast South Africa, covered by a demographic and health surveillance system (health and demographic surveillance system, HDSS)	Direct cost
10	Persson, et al. (2017) [24]	Sweden	High income	Prospective	Health expenditure	Prevalence-based	Participant (patients) and families	53 couples provided informal support, and 168 couples did not provide informal support	Indirect medical cost
11	Van Eeden, et al. (2015) [25]	The Netherlands	High income	Retrospective	Cost of illness (COI)	Prevalence-based	Society	395 stroke patients	Total cost
12	Vieira, et al. (2019) [26]	Brazil	Upper-middleincome	Prospective	Cost of illness (COI)	Prevalence-based	Healthcare system	173 stroke patients	Direct medical cost
13	Zhang, et al. (2019) [27]	China	Upper-middleincome	Retrospective	Cost of illness (COI)	Prevalence-based	Healthcare system	A total of 114,872 were hospitalized for five types of stroke	Direct medical cost