Table 2.
Comparison of the main distinctive phenotypic characteristics of phylogenetically related Penicillium spp. in series Restricta.
| Fungus | Growth on CYA a | Growth on MEA-CX250 b |
Growth and Acid Production on CREA c | Red Exudate or Pigment Present |
Conidial Morphology | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 15 °C | 25 °C | 30 °C | 37 °C | Average Size in µm |
Surface Ornamentation | |||||
| LM | SEM | |||||||||
| P. krskae | 0 | 18–20 | 24–26 | 8–10 | 5 (15) | 12–14 / + | Yes | 2.1 | sm-r-ro | verruc |
| P. silybi | 5–7 | 26–28 | 25–27 | 3–5 | 10 (25) | 20–22 /++ | Yes ** | 2.0 | ro-str | lob-retic |
| P. chalabudae | 5–7 | 13–16 | 18–20 | 10–12 | 0 * | 8–10 / ++ | No | 2.1 | ro | tuber |
| P. kurssanovii | 3–5 | 12–15 | 15–18 | 0 | 0 * | 8–10 / - (±) | No | 2.3 | ro | tuber |
| P. restrictum | 2–4 | 18–20 | 22–24 | 8–10 | 0 * | 9–11 /- (±) | No | 2.4 | ro-ech | acul-ech |
a All growth parameters in mm (diam.); b MEA with 250 ppm cycloheximide after 7 (and 14) d; * no spore germination even after 14 days; acid production: c ++ acid surrounding colony, + acid under the colony only, ± very weak acid production, - no acid production; ** red exudate and pigment produced on SGA, MEA with cycloheximide, or after prolonged cultivation on YES (14–16 d); LM: light microscope; SEM: scanning electron microscope; sm: smooth, r: finely roughened, ro: rough, str: striate, ech: echinulate (spinulose), verruc: verrucose, lob-retic: lobate-reticulate, tuber: tuberculate, acul-ech: aculeate-echinulate.