Table 3.
Mean differences in estimated BMI-sds at age 3 years by ethnicity and feeding factors, derived from the LMR (models 1–4) and contribution of infant feeding factors.
| Model 1 a (Crude Model) |
Model 2 b (Milk Feeding Factors) |
Model 3 c (CF Factors) |
Model 4 d (Model 2 + 3) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean difference (95% CI) | ||||
| Ethnicity (Turkish vs. Dutch) |
0.26 (0.04, 0.48) * | 0.22 (−0.01, 0.44) | 0.16 (−0.07, 0.40) | 0.10 (−0.15, 0.35) |
| Full BF duration (<6 months vs. ≥6 months) |
−0.20 (−0.48, 0.08) | −0.18 (−0.46, 0.10) | ||
| Milk feeding frequency | 0.01 (−0.06, 0.07) | 0.02 (−0.05, 0.08) | ||
| Timing of CF (<6 months vs. ≥6 months) |
−0.03 (−0.26, 0.21) | −0.01 (−0.23, 0.25) | ||
| CF variety score (2 vs. 1) (≥3 vs. 1) |
0.03 (−0.23, 0.29) 0.42 (0.08, 0.76) * |
0.05 (−0.22, 0.31) 0.44 (0.10, 0.78) * |
||
| CF frequency | −0.08 (−0.19, 0.03) | −0.06 (−0.18, 0.05) | ||
BF = breastfeeding; CF = complementary feeding. Data are least-square means and 95% CI. Linear mixed models were used to model mean differences in estimated BMI-sds at age 2 years by ethnicity and the feeding patterns. * p < 0.05. a Model 1: crude model including variables age and ethnicity. b Model 2: as model 1 and additionally adjusted for the milk feeding factors: full BF duration and milk feeding frequency. c Model 3: as model 1 and additionally adjusted for the CF factors; timing of CF, CF variety score, CF frequency. d Model 4: full model, adjusted for all feeding variables (models 1+ 2 + 3).