Table 4.
Studies on maternal iron status and other child outcomes after birth.
| Study | Year | Country | Country Income | Design (S) | Risk of Bias | n | Population | Back-ground SF, µg/L | Statistics | Mother | Child | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Iron Biomarkers | Categories Based on | Stage | Outcome | Age | ||||||||||
| Cardiovascular and bone outcomes | ||||||||||||||
| Ganpule [61] | 2006 | India | L-M | Cohort (S) | L | 797 | General | NR | MLR | SF | SF < 12 µg/L | II | Bone mass | 6 y |
| Alwan [62] | 2012 | UK | H | Cohort | L | 348 | General | NA | MLR | IV | Blood pressure, adiposity | 40–41 y | ||
| Alwan [63] | 2015 | UK | H | Cohort (S) | L | 362 | General | 37.5 ‡ | MLR | SF, sTfR, sTfR/sF | SF < 15 µg/L | I | Arterial Stiffness | 6 wk |
| Pulmonary outcomes | ||||||||||||||
| Nwaru [64] * | 2014 | UK | H | Cohort (S) | L | 157 | General | 28.4 ‡ | MLR | SF, sTfR, sTfR/sF | SF < 15 µg/L | I, PP | Wheeze, allergy | 1, 2, 5, 10 y |
| Nwaru [64] * | 2014 | UK | H | Cohort (S) | L | 157 | General | 28.4 ‡ | MLR | SF, sTfR, sTfR/sF | SF < 15 µg/L | I, PP | Lung function | 1, 2, 5, 10 y |
| Bédard [65] | 2018 | UK | H | Cohort (S) | L | 6002 | General | NA | MLR | IV | Lung function | 7.5 y | ||
| Miscellaneous outcomes | ||||||||||||||
| Abioye [66] | 2016 | Tanzania | L | Cohort (S) | L | 600 | General | 47.5 † | MLogR | SF, sTfR | SF ≤ 12 µg/L | I, II, PP | Infant mortality | 6 w |
| Hanieh [67] | 2015 | Vietnam | L-M | Nested-cohort (S) | L | 1046 | General | 28 † | MLR | SF | I, III | Infant growth | 6 w, 6 m | |
| Goldenberg [68] | 1998 | USA | H | Nested-cohort | L | 223 | Women with PRM | 38.3 ‡ | MLogR | SF | II, PP | Neonatal sepsis | Neonatal period | |
| Størdal [69] | 2018 | Norway | H | Case control (S) | L | 94,209 | General | NA | CPHR | IV | Diabetes type 1 | 8 to 17 y | ||
| Dai [70] | 2015 | Turkey | U-M | Case control | M | 254 | General | 24.3 ‡ | T-test | SF, Fe | Stage of ROP | III | Retinopathy of prematurity | Infancy |
Country income according to World Bank classification (https://datahelpdesk.worldbank.org/knowledgebase/articles/906519 accessed on 20 July 2020 ); corr, correlation; CPHR, Cox proportional hazard regression; d, days; I, II, III, gestational trimester; H, high; IV, instrumental variable; L, low; L-M, lower-middle; U-M, upper-middle; MWU, Mann–Whitney U-test; M, medium; m, months; MLR, multiple linear regression; MLogR, multiple logistic regression; NA, not applicable; PP, peri-partum; PRM, premature rupture of the membranes; ROP, retinopathy of prematurity; SF, ferritin represents reported (or calculated); sTfR, soluble transferrin receptor; (S), maternal iron supplementation; TF, transferrin; TSAT, transferrin saturation; TIBC, total iron binding capacity; wk, week; y, year. * Studies reporting multiple outcomes; †, median; ‡, mean; values in the total study population.