Table 1.
Composition of study products.
| Nutrient | Unit | DP 4 | Placebo |
|---|---|---|---|
| Amount per sachet 1 | g | 19 | 12 |
| Protein | g | 10 | 3.62 |
| whey protein | g | 9.5 | 0.72 |
| casein | g | 2.90 | |
| tryptophan | mg | 500 | 75 |
| other LNAA 1 | mg | 2930 | 573 |
| tryptic casein hydrolysate 2 | mg | 200 | |
| Lactose | g | 1.9 | 5.4 |
| GOS 3 | g | 5.2 | |
| Magnesium | mg | 200 | 13.1 |
| Zinc | mg | 5 | 0.12 |
| Vitamin B6 | mg | 1 | 0.03 |
| Niacin | mg | 10 | 0.10 |
| Vitamin D3 | µ | 10 | <0.15 |
1 Amounts per sachet are different between DP (dairy-based test product) and Placebo to realize a comparable visual filling of the sachet. The skimmed milk powder (placebo) is less dense than the test product DP. The content of a sachet was dissolved daily in 150 mL lukewarm water and consumed about 1 h before going to bed. 2 Other large neutral amino acids: tyrosine, phenylalanine, leucine, iso-leucine, valine (Markus CR, Firk C, Gerhardt C, Kloek J, Smolders GF. Effect of different tryptophan sources on amino acids availability to the brain and mood in healthy volunteers. Psychopharmacology 2008;201:107-114). 3 Lactium®, 73% protein. 4 Galacto-oligosaccharides (BiotisTM GOS), 70% pure GOS.