Table 2.
General characteristics of study participants at the start of the study for the ITT, PP, and modPP study groups.
| ITT | PP | modPP | |
|---|---|---|---|
| n | 69 | 64 | 47 |
| Gender: female/male (n) [ratio] | 54/15 [3.6] | 51/13 [3.9] | 37/10 [3.7] |
| Age (y) | 39.5 ± 6.3 | 39.1 ± 6.2 | 38.5 ± 6.4 |
| Height (m) | 1.71 ± 0.10 | 1.71 ± 0.09 | 1.71 ± 0.08 |
| Weight (kg) | 68.2 ± 11.2 | 67.3 ±11.0 | 68.2 ± 10.5 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 23.1 ± 2.0 | 23.1 ± 2.0 | 23.3 ± 1.9 |
| PSQI (at baseline) | 10.3 ±2.8 | 10.2 ±2.7 | 11.5 ± 2.0 a |
| Normal time to bed (h:min) | 23:37 ± 01:11 | 23:39 ± 01:13 | 23:40 ± 01:14 |
| Normal time to rise (h:min) | 07:38 ± 00:55 | 07:39 ± 00:56 | 07:42 ± 00:59 |
| Daily caffeine containing coffee (cups, (min-max)) | 1.7 ± 1.5 (0-6.3) | 1.7 ± 1.5 (0-6.3) | 1.8 ± 1.5 (0-6.3) |
| Daily alcohol containing drink (servings (min-max)) | 0.7 ± 0.7 (0-3.1) | 0.6 ± 0.7 (0-3.0) | 0.6 ± 0.6 (0-7) |
| Watching TV 30 min before bedtime (n,%) | 25 (36.2) | 24 (37.5) | 17 (36.2) |
| Watching computer 30 min before bedtime (n,%) | 4 (5.7) | 4 (6.3) | 3 (6.4) |
| Using the telephone 30 min before bedtime (n,%) | 37 (53.6) | 36 (56.3) | 26 (55.3) |
| Reading a book 30 min before bedtime (n,%) | 5 (7.2) | 5 (7.8) | 2 (4.3) |
| Self-reported mood quality at rise (5-1: good-bad) | 2.7 ± 1.0 | 2.7 ± 1.0 | 3.0 ± 1.0 |
| Self-reported fitness quality at rise (5-1: good-bad) | 2.9 ± 1.0 | 2.9 ± 1.0 | 3.1 ± 1.0 |
ITT: intention to treat; PP: per protocol; modPP: modified per protocol; BMI: body mass index; PSQI: Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. a Significantly (p = 0.042) different from ITT and PP following ANOVA with Bonferroni post-hoc analysis.