AA	arachidonic acid
aBMD	areal bone mineral density
AGA	appropriate for gestational age
ALSPAC	Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children
BA	bone area
BMAD	bone mineral apparent density
BMC	bone mineral content
BMD	bone mineral density
BMI	body mass index
COPSAC2010	Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood
d	days
DNA	deoxyribonucleic acid
DOHaD	Developmental Origins of the Health and Disease hypothesis
DPA	docosapentaenoic acid
DXA	dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry
EPA	eicosapentaenoic acid
F	female
FFQ	food frequency questionnaire
FN	femoral neck
FT	full-term
GH	growth hormone
GOOD	Gothenburg Osteoporosis and Obesity Determinants study
GWG	gestational weight gain
HRpQCT	high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography
IGF-1	insulin-like growth factor 1
IU	International Units
JKB	Japan Kids Body-composition Study
LC PUFAs	long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids
LGA	large for gestational age
LP	late preterm
LS	lumbar spine
M	males
m	months
MAVIDOS	Maternal Vitamin D Osteoporosis Study
PDS	Prudent Diet Score
PMNS	Pune Maternal Nutrition Study
PRISMA	Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses
PT	preterm
pQCT	peripheral quantitative computed tomography
QUS	quantitative ultrasound
SES	socioeconomic status
SGA	small for gestational age
SOS	speed of sound
SWS	Southampton Women’s Survey
TB	total body
TBLH	total body less head
WB	whole body
WBLH	whole body less head
wk	week
vBMD	volumetric bone mineral density
VIP	Vitamin D in Pregnancy study
y	years
1,25(OH)2D	1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D
25(OH)D	25-hydroxyvitamin D