Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the study participants according to tertiles of the Inflammatory Score of the Diet (ISD).
| All Participants | Inflammatory Score of the Diet Tertiles a | p-Value b | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tertile 1 | Tertile 2 | Tertile 3 | |||
| Total cohort, n | 32,663 | 10,888 | 10,888 | 10,887 | |
| Sex, n (%) | <0.001 | ||||
| Women | 20,168 (61.7) | 4513 (41.4) | 6796 (62.4) | 8859 (81.37) | |
| Men | 12,495 (38.3) | 6375 (58.5) | 4092 (37.6) | 2028 (18.6) | |
| Age at recruitment [years], n (%) | <0.001 | ||||
| <40 | 4171 (12.8) | 968 (8.9) | 1393 (12.8) | 1810 (16.6) | |
| 40–<50 | 13,655 (41.8) | 4785 (43.9) | 4627(42.5) | 4243 (39.0) | |
| 50–<60 | 10,665 (32.6) | 3886 (35.7) | 3566 (32.8) | 3213 (29.5) | |
| ≥60 | 4172 (12.8) | 1249 (11.5) | 1302 (12.0) | 1621 (14.9) | |
| Body mass index [kg/m2], mean (SD) | 28.3 (4.3) | 28.2 (4.0) | 28.2 (4.3) | 28.5 (4.6) | <0.001 |
| Educational level, n (%) | <0.001 | ||||
| No formal education | 11,965 (36.6) | 3460 (31.8) | 3858 (35.4) | 4647 (42.7) | |
| Primary school | 12,183 (37.3) | 4199 (38.6) | 4139 (38.0) | 3845 (35.3) | |
| Technical or professional training | 2637 (8.1) | 1057 (9.7) | 906 (8.3) | 674 (6.2) | |
| Secondary school | 1921 (5.9) | 687 (6.3) | 647 (5.9) | 587 (5.4) | |
| University degree | 3750 (11.5) | 1436 (13.2) | 1255 (11.5) | 1059 (9.7) | |
| Not specified | 207 (0.63) | 49 (0.4) | 83 (0.7) | 75 (0.7) | |
| Physical activity, n (%) | <0.001 | ||||
| Inactive | 13,680 (41.9) | 4052 (37.22) | 4495 (41.3) | 5133 (47.1) | |
| Moderately inactive | 9468 (29.0) | 3017 (27.7) | 3228(29.6) | 3223(26.6) | |
| Moderately active | 5881 (18.0) | 2164 (19.9) | 2004 (18.4) | 1713 (15.7) | |
| Active | 3634 (11.1) | 1655 (15.2) | 1161 (10.7) | 818 (7.5) | |
| Smoking status, n (%) | <0.001 | ||||
| Never | 18,266 (55.9) | 5298 (48.7) | 6089 (55.9) | 6879 (63.2) | |
| Former | 5666 (17.3) | 2460 (22.6) | 1905 (17.5) | 1301 (11.9) | |
| Current | 8716 (26.7) | 3126 (28.7) | 2890 (26.5) | 2700 (24.8) | |
| Unknown | 15 (0.1) | 4 (0.0) | 4 (0.0) | 7 (0.1) | |
| Energy intake [kcal/day], mean (SD) | 2174 (704) | 2674 (699) | 2143 (561) | 1705 (461) | <0.001 |
a First, second, and third Inflammatory Score of the Diet tertile ranges were −6.08 to −0.67, −0.67 to 1.29, and 1.29 to 4.98, respectively. b p values calculated from Chi-squared test for categorical variables and Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test for continuous variables.