Table 5.
Associations between DBI-16 scores and cardiometabolic risk factors among 269 Chinese participants with hyperlipidemia 1,2.
| Cardiometabolic Risk Factors | DBI-TS | DBI-LBS | DBI-HBS | DQD | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| β Coefficient (95% CI) | R2 | β Coefficient (95% CI) | R2 | β Coefficient (95% CI) | R2 | β Coefficient (95% CI) | R2 | |
| Lipid and lipoprotein profiles | ||||||||
| Triglyceride | ||||||||
| Model 1 | −0.021 (−0.040, −0.002) * | 11.5% | 0.028 (0.005, 0.052) * | 11.8% | −0.010 (−0.044, 0.024) | 10.1% | 0.009 (−0.037, 0.055) | 10.0% |
| Model 2 | −0.024 (−0.043, −0.005) * | 13.3% | 0.032 (0.008, 0.055) * | 13.5% | −0.017 (−0.055, 0.021) | 11.6% | 0.011 (−0.044, 0.065) | 11.4% |
| TC | ||||||||
| Model 1 | 0.011 (−0.002, 0.024) | 12.3% | −0.007 (−0.023, 0.009) | 11.7% | 0.022 (−0.002, 0.045) | 12.5% | 0.034 (0.003, 0.066) * | 12.9% |
| Model 2 | 0.011 (−0.002, 0.024) | 12.7% | −0.008 (−0.025, 0.008) | 12.2% | 0.022 (−0.004, 0.048) | 12.8% | 0.040 (0.003, 0.078) * | 13.3% |
| LDL-C | ||||||||
| Model 1 | 0.010 (−0.004, 0.024) | 10.2% | −0.006 (−0.024, 0.011) | 9.7% | 0.019 (−0.006, 0.044) | 10.3% | 0.040 (0.006, 0.074) * | 11.4% |
| Model 2 | 0.011 (−0.003, 0.025) | 10.7% | −0.008 (−0.026,0.010) | 10.2% | 0.023 (−0.005,0.051) | 10.8% | 0.052 (0.012, 0.092) * | 12.1% |
| HDL-C | ||||||||
| Model 1 | 0.009 (0.004, 0.015) * | 26.9% | −0.012 (−0.019, −0.005) * | 27.0% | 0.006 (−0.004, 0.015) | 24.1% | −0.013 (−0.027, 0) * | 24.8% |
| Model 2 | 0.010 (0.004, 0.015) * | 28.8% | −0.013 (−0.020, −0.006) * | 29.1% | 0.007 (−0.004, 0.018) | 25.7% | −0.020 (−0.036, −0.005) * | 27.1% |
| TC:HDL-C ratio | ||||||||
| Model 1 | −0.021 (−0.037, −0.005) * | 14.5% | 0.031 (0.011, 0.051) * | 15.4% | −0.003 (−0.032, 0.026) | 12.4% | 0.053 (0.014, 0.092) * | 14.7% |
| Model 2 | −0.023 (−0.039, −0.007) * | 16.4% | 0.034 (0.014, 0.054) * | 17.1% | −0.010 (−0.042, 0.023) | 13.9% | 0.068 (0.023, 0.114) * | 16.5% |
| LDL-C:HDL-C ratio | ||||||||
| Model 1 | −0.010 (−0.022, 0.002) | 9.3% | 0.019 (0.004, 0.034) * | 10.5% | 0.006 (−0.016, 0.027) | 8.5% | 0.053 (0.024, 0.082) * | 12.7% |
| Model 2 | −0.011 (−0.023, 0.001) | 10.1% | 0.020 (0.005, 0.035) * | 11.2% | 0.005 (−0.019, 0.029) | 9.1% | 0.071 (0.037, 0.104) * | 14.5% |
| ApoA1 | ||||||||
| Model 1 | 0.005 (0.002, 0.008) * | 23.4% | −0.006 (−0.010, −0.002) * | 23.0% | 0.004 (−0.002, 0.010) | 21.5% | −0.007 (−0.015, 0.002) | 21.7% |
| Model 2 | 0.005 (0.002, 0.008) * | 25.6% | −0.006 (−0.011, −0.002) * | 25.4% | 0.005 (−0.002, 0.011) | 23.4% | −0.011 (−0.021,−0.002) * | 24.3% |
| ApoB | ||||||||
| Model 1 | 0.001 (−0.002, 0.005) | 5.9% | 0.001 (−0.004, 0.005) | 5.8% | 0.005 (−0.001, 0.012) | 6.7% | 0.015 (0.006, 0.023) * | 9.7% |
| Model 2 | 0.001 (−0.002, 0.005) | 6.3% | 0 (−0.004, 0.005) | 6.2% | −0.005 (−0.002, 0.012) | 6.8% | 0.017 (0.007, 0.027) * | 10.1% |
| ApoA1:ApoB ratio | ||||||||
| Model 1 | 0.001 (−0.004, 0.006) | 7.9% | −0.003 (−0.009, 0.003) | 8.2% | −0.003 (−0.012, 0.005) | 8.0% | −0.021 (−0.033, −0.010) * | 12.1% |
| Model 2 | 0.001 (−0.003, 0.006) | 8.7% | −0.003 (−0.009, 0.003) | 9.0% | −0.003 (−0.012, 0.007) | 8.7% | −0.027 (−0.041, −0.014) * | 13.6% |
| Glucose homeostasis biomarkers | ||||||||
| Glucose | ||||||||
| Model 1 | 0.009 (−0.006, 0.024) | 6.0% | 0.001 (−0.017, 0.020) | 5.5% | 0.032 (0.005, 0.058) * | 7.4% | 0.030 (−0.006, 0.066) | 6.4% |
| Model 2 | 0.008 (−0.007, 0.023) | 7.0% | 0 (−0.019, 0.019) | 6.6% | 0.032 (0.003, 0.062) * | 8.2% | 0.030 (−0.012, 0.073) | 7.3% |
| HbA1c | ||||||||
| Model 1 | 0.005 (−0.005, 0.015) | 6.0% | 0.001 (−0.011, 0.013) | 5.6% | 0.018 (0.001, 0.036) * | 7.1% | 0.024 (0, 0.047) * | 6.9% |
| Model 2 | 0.005 (−0.005, 0.014) | 8.2% | 0 (−0.013, 0.012) | 7.9% | 0.017 (−0.002, 0.036) | 8.9% | 0.023 (−0.005, 0.050) | 8.8% |
| Blood pressures | ||||||||
| Systolic blood pressure | ||||||||
| Model 1 | −0.039 (−0.252, 0.174) | 17.8% | 0.012 (−0.256, 0.279) | 17.7% | −0.103 (−0.486, 0.280) | 17.8% | −0.380 (−0.898, 0.138) | 18.4% |
| Model 2 | −0.027 (−0.242, 0.188) | 18.7% | 0.059 (−0.213, 0.331) | 18.8% | 0.037 (−0.391, 0.465) | 18.7% | −0.206 (−0.820, 0.408) | 18.9% |
| Diastolic blood pressure | ||||||||
| Model 1 | 0 (−0.128, 0.129) | 19.2% | −0.080 (−0.241, 0.080) | 19.5% | −0.164 (−0.394, 0.066) | 19.7% | −0.234 (−0.546, 0.078) | 19.8% |
| Model 2 | 0.012 (−0.117, 0.140) | 21.2% | −0.045 (−0.207, 0.118) | 21.3% | −0.065 (−0.320, 0.191) | 21.3% | −0.060 (−0.427, 0.308) | 21.3% |
1 Data are presented as β coefficients (95% CI) per 1 SD of the DBI-16 score. Apo, Apolipoprotein; DBI, Diet Balance Index; DBI-HBS, diet balance index-high bound score; DBI-LBS, Diet Balance Index-low bound scores; DBI-TS, Diet Balance Index-total score; DQD, diet quality distance; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin A1c; HDL-C, high density lipoprotein; LDL-C, low density lipoprotein cholesterol; TC, total cholesterol. 2 Associations between the DBI-16 scores and cardiometabolic risk factors were analyzed using multivariable linear regression models. In model 1, the data were adjusted for potential confounders, including age, sex, BMI. Model 2 included model 1 plus additional sociodemographic and lifestyle confounders, including cigarette smoking, education status, physical activity and total energy intake. * p < 0.05.