Table 4.
Daily nutrient intake and dietary pattern scores according to the immunity status.
| L-WBC+L-CRP | H-WBC+L-CRP | L-WBC+H-CRP | H-WBC+H-CRP | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 25,604) | (n = 13,880) | (n = 464) | (n = 820) | |
| Energy (% EER) | 96.0 ± 0.19 | 96.1 ± 0.26 | 92.7 ± 1.41 | 95.2 ± 1.06 |
| CHO (% En) | 71.7 ± 0.04 a | 71.4 ± 0.06 b | 71.5 ± 0.32 ab | 71.5 ± 0.24 ab** |
| Fat (% En) | 13.9 ± 0.03 b | 14.2 ± 0.05 a | 14.1 ± 0.25 ab | 14.0 ± 0.19 ab** |
| Protein (% En) | 13.3 ± 0.02 | 13.4 ± 0.02 | 13.4 ± 0.12 | 13.4 ± 0.09 |
| V-A (μg RE) | 476 ±2.13 | 477 ± 2.92 | 460 ± 15.6 | 459 ± 11.7 |
| Carotene (mg) | 2362 ± 11.5 | 2367 ± 15.8 | 2262 ± 84.1 | 2280 ± 63.2 |
| V-C (mg) | 104 ± 0.41 a | 102 ± 0.56 b | 98.4 ± 2.99 ab | 97.9 ± 2.25 ab* |
| Fiber (g) | 5.65 ± 0.02 a | 5.61 ± 0.02 b | 5.33 ± 0.13 ab | 5.41 ± 0.10 ab* |
| Coffee (cups/week) | 3.7 ± 0.02 b | 3.9 ± 0.03 a | 3.5 ± 0.14 b | 3.9 ± 0.10 a*** |
| Alcohol (g) | 17.4 ± 0.31 a | 14.9 ± 0.42 b | 16.6 ± 2.24 a | 15.8 ± 1.69 ab* |
| KBD (scores) | −0.033 ± 0.006 | −0.014 ± 0.008 | −0.089 ± 0.044 | −0.029 ± 0.034 |
| PBD (scores) | 0.022 ± 0.006 a | −0.011 ± 0.008 b | −0.002 ± 0.045 ab | −0.084 ± 0.033 c** |
| WSD (scores) | 0.005 ± 0.006 c | 0.043 ± 0.009 b | 0.045 ±0.046 ab | 0.061 ± 0.035 a* |
| RBD (scores) | −0.001 ± 0.006 b | 0.021 ± 0.009 a | 0.068 ± 0.047 ab | 0.058 ± 0.035 ab* |
Innate immunity was categorized into four groups: L-WBC+L-CRP, H-WBC+L-CRP, L-WBC+H-CRP, and H-WBC+H-CRP. Their cutoffs were < 6.2 × 109/mL for white blood cell counts (L-WBC) and <0.5 mg/dL serum CRP concentrations (L-CRP) for low levels. The high levels of white blood cell (WBC) counts and serum CRP concentrations were represented as H-WBC and H-CRP, respectively. Adjusted for age, gender, body mass index, daily energy intake, income, education, the incidence of arthritis, allergy, asthmas, gastritis, gastric ulcer, gallstone, bronchitis, urethritis, physical activity, alcohol intake, and smoking status. EER, estimated energy requirement; CHO, carbohydrates; V-A, vitamin A; V-C, vitamin C; KBD, Korean balanced diet; PBD, plant-based diet; WSD, Western-style diet; RBD, rice-based diet. Values represented adjusted means and standard errors. * Significant difference by the immunity groups in one-way ANCOVA test at p < 0.05, ** at p < 0.01, *** at p < 0.001. a,b Different letters indicated significant differences among the groups in the Tukey test at p < 0.05.