Table 5.
Innate immunity and diet/lifestyle interaction and adjusted odds ratio of metabolic syndrome-related parameters in the low- and high-intake of diet patterns after covariate adjustments.
| L-WBC+L-CRP (n = 25,604) |
H-WBC+L-CRP (n = 13,880) |
L-WBC+H-CRP (n = 464) |
H-WBC+H-CRP (n = 820) |
Immunity, Lifestyle, and Diet Interaction | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Low physical activity | 1 | 1.805 (1.637–1.990) * | 1.628 (1.105–2.398) | 2.057 (1.582–2.675) * | 0.650 1 |
| High physical activity | 1 | 1.835 (1.677–2.008) ** | 1.396 (0.955–2.039) | 2.047 (1.561–2.684) ** | |
| Non-smokers | 1 | 1.86 | 1.59 | 1.64 | 0.042 |
| (1.71–2.02) *** | (1.16–2.16) | (1.28–2.12) | 0.081 2 | ||
| Smokers | 1 | 1.71 | 1.45 | 2.35 | |
| (1.52–1.91) | (0.90–2.35) | (1.77–3.11) *** | |||
| Low intake of a KBD | 1 | 1.94 | 1.49 | 1.86 | 0.001 |
| (1.79–2.11) *** | (1.08–2.05) | (1.47–2.34) * | 0.003 | ||
| High intake of a KBD | 1 | 1.39 | 1.11 | 1.84 | |
| (1.23–1.57) | (0.65–1.92) | (1.31–2.57) * | |||
| Low intake of plant-based diet | 1 | 1.79 | 1.25 | 2.04 | 0.015 |
| (1.66–1.94) *** | (0.89–1.75) | (1.65–2.52) *** | 0.045 | ||
| High intake of a plant-based diet | 1 | 1.48 | 1.66 | 1.03 | |
| (1.07–1.92) | (1.04–2.65) | (0.67–1.59) | |||
| Low intake of | 1 | 1.77 | 1.59 | 1.53 | 0.013 |
| rice-based diet | (1.63–1.91) *** | (1.16–2.18) | (1.22–1.94) | 0.039 | |
| High intake of | 1 | 1.95 | 1.53 | 3.13 | |
| rice-based diet | (1.73–2.21) | (0.95–2.44) | (2.29–4.29) *** |
Innate immunity was categorized into four groups: L-WBC+L-CRP, H-WBC+L-CRP, L-WBC+H-CRP, and H-WBC+H-CRP. Their cutoff points were <6.2 × 109/L for white blood cell counts (L-WBC) and <0.5 mg/dL serum CRP concentrations (L-CRP) for low levels. The high levels of white blood cell (WBC) counts and serum CRP concentrations were represented as H-WBC and H-CRP, respectively. KBD, Korean balanced diet. The cutoff points for dietary patterns were the 70th percentiles. Values represent the adjusted odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals. 1, p-value for the interaction of immunity categories and nutrient and dietary patterns influencing metabolic syndrome risk using two-way ANCOVA with main effects (innate immunity and nutrients) and their interaction term after adjusting for covariates. 2, p-value for the interaction using two-way ANCOVA with the Bonferroni correction. Adjusted for age, gender, body mass index, daily energy intake, income, education, the incidence of arthritis, allergy, asthmas, gastritis, gastric ulcer, gallstone, bronchitis, urethritis, physical activity, alcohol intake, and smoking status. * Significantly different from the L-WBC+L-CRP in logistic regression at p < 0.05 ** at p < 0.01, and *** at p < 0.001.