Table 2.
Standardized mean differences (SMDs) and 95% CI on BMI (n = 72 observations from 69 RCTs). The upper and colored right triangle gives the SMDs from pairwise comparisons (column intervention relative to row), lower left triangle refers to the SMDs from the network meta-analysis (row intervention relative to column).
| Control | Walnuts | Almonds | Mixed | Pistachios | Peanuts | Hazelnuts | Cashews | Brazil nuts | Macadamia | Pecan | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control | 0.04 (−0.06 to 0.14) | −0.08 (−0.23 to 0.06) | −0.05 (−0.20 to 0.10) | <0.01 (−0.17 to 0.19) | 0.06 (−0.11 to 0.22) | 0.07 (−0.12 to 0.25) | <0.01 (−0.21 to 0.21) | −0.13 (−0.70 to 0.44) | −0.07 (−0.41 to 0.28) | 0 (−0.9 to 0.9) | |
| Walnuts | 0.02 (−0.08 to 0.12) | 0.27 (−0.44 to 0.98) | NA | NA | 0.13 (−0.66 to 0.92) | NA | −0.04 (−0.57 to 0.65) | NA | NA | NA | |
| Almonds | −0.04 (−0.15 to 0.07) | −0.06 (−0.20 to 0.08) | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | |
| Mixed | 0.05 (−0.10 to 0.20) | 0.03 (−0.15 to 0.20) | 0.09 (−0.10 to 0.27) | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | |
| Pistachios | 0.03 (−0.15 to 0.21) | 0.01 (−0.19 to 0.21) | 0.07 (−0.14 to 0.28) | −0.02 (−0.25 to 0.22) | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | |
| Peanuts | <−0.01 (−0.17 to 0.17) | −0.02 (−0.21 to 0.18) | 0.04 (−0.16 to 0.24) | −0.04 (−0.27 to 0.18) | −0.03 (−0.28 to 0.22) | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | |
| Hazelnuts | 0.09 (−0.10 to 0.28) | 0.07 (−0.14 to 0.28) | 0.13 (−0.09 to 0.35) | 0.04 (−0.19 to 0.28) | 0.06 (−0.20 to 0.32) | 0.09 (−0.16 to 0.34) | NA | NA | NA | NA | |
| Cashews | −0.10 (−0.30 to 0.10) | −0.12 (−0.34 to 0.10) | −0.06 (−0.29 to 0.17) | −0.14 (−0.39 to 0.10) | −0.13 (−0.40 to 0.14) | −0.10 (−0.36 to 0.16) | −0.19 (−0.46 to 0.08) | NA | NA | NA | |
| Brazil nuts | −0.16 (−0.72 to 0.41) | −0.18 (−0.75 to 0.40) | −0.12 (−0.70 to 0.46) | −0.20 (−0.79 to 0.39) | −0.19 (−0.78 to 0.41) | −0.16 (−0.75 to 0.43) | −0.25 (−0.85 to 0.35) | −0.06 (−0.66 to 0.54) | NA | NA | |
| Macadamia | −0.09 (−0.43 to 0.26) | −0.11 (−0.47 to 0.25) | −0.05 (−0.41 to 0.31) | −0.14 (−0.51 to 0.24) | −0.12 (−0.51 to 0.27) | −0.09 (−0.48 to 0.29) | −0.18 (−0.57 to 0.21) | <0.01 (−0.39 to 0.41) | 0.07 (−0.60 to 0.73) | NA | |
| Pecan | <0.01 (−0.9 to 0.9) | −0.02 (−0.92 to 0.88) | 0.04 (−0.87 to 0.94) | −0.05 (−0.96 to 0.86) | −0.03 (−0.95 to 0.89) | <−0.01 (−0.92 to 0.91) | −0.09 (−1.01 to 0.83) | 0.10 (−0.82 to 1.02) | 0.16 (−0.91 to 1.22) | 0.09 (−0.87 to 1.05) |
CI: confidence interval; NA: Not available; RCTs: randomized, controlled trials; SMD: standardized mean difference; WC: waist circumference.