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. 2021 Jul 14;13(7):2409. doi: 10.3390/nu13072409

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© 2021 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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The modulatory effects of caffeine on cytokines secretion in different LPS-activated human myeloid cells. Cells were pre-treated with caffeine (0.3-1 mM) for 1 h, and then stimulated with LPS (100 ng/mL) for the indicated time. Cell culture supernatants were collected, and the secretion of (A) TNF-α, (B) IL-6, (C) IL-8, and (D) IL-1β were measured by ELISA. For IL-1β induction, cells were incubated with ATP (5 mM) for 45 min after LPS exposure. All results are shown as means ± SEM. (* p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001).

The modulatory effects of caffeine on cytokines secretion in different LPS-activated human myeloid cells. Cells were pre-treated with caffeine (0.3-1 mM) for 1 h, and then stimulated with LPS (100 ng/mL) for the indicated time. Cell culture supernatants were collected, and the secretion of (A) TNF-α, (B) IL-6, (C) IL-8, and (D) IL-1β were measured by ELISA. For IL-1β induction, cells were incubated with ATP (5 mM) for 45 min after LPS exposure. All results are shown as means ± SEM. (* p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001).