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. 2021 Jul 15;13(7):2421. doi: 10.3390/nu13072421

Figure 1.

Figure 1

The bidirectional links between inflammation and oxidative stress. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) can act as inflammatory trigger initiating inflammation. On the other hand, inflammation induces oxidative stress. Abbreviations used: IkB, inhibitory subunit of NFkB; MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase; NFkB, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells; P, phosphate; ROS, reactive oxygen species. Reproduced from [7].