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Main immune checkpoints acting on cancer cell recognition by effector immune cells. PD-1: programmed death-1; PD-L1: programmed death ligand 1; CTLA-4: cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4; TCR: T-cell receptor; MHC I: major histocompatibility complex I; + (plus sign): activating signal; − (minus sign): inhibitory signal. Created with BioRender.com (accessed on 14 July 2021).
