Table 1.
Characteristics of [18F]FDG PET/CT studies in asymptomatic patients with COVID-19.
| Patients No./Sex/ Age (y) | Reference | Country | Clinical Disease | [18F]FDG PET/CT Indications | Extrapulmonary PET/CT Findings | The Pattern of PET/CT Finding in Pulmonary Regions |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| P1/M/70 | Boulvard Chollet XLE et al., 2021 [13] | Italy | Hodgkin Lymphoma | Staging | [18F]FDG-avid uptake in bilateral cervical lymphadenopathy, predominantly in the left side (SUVmax 9.0) | Tree-in-bud opacities and peripheral and subpleural GGOs in both lungs, corresponding to mild [18F]FDG uptake (SUVmax 2.4) |
| P2/F/80 | Habouzit V et al., 2020 [19] | France | Anal canal adenocarcinoma | Staging | Prominent [18F]FDG-avid tumor uptake in anal canal (SUVmax 12.8) | Subpleural patchy, rounded, and diffuse GGOs in right lung, with mildly diffuse [18F]FDG uptake (SUV max 2.4) |
| P3/F/69 | Pillenahalli Maheshwar- appa R et al., 2021 [25] |
USA | Multiple myeloma | Follow-up | Uneven hot [18F]FDG uptake in right maxillary sinus, favored sinusitis | Prominent [18F]FDG-avid uptake of extensive GGOs in peripheral to subpleural region over bilateral lower lobes (SUVmax 12.0) |
| P4/M/87 | Krebs S et al., 2020 [27] | USA | Primary salivary duct carcinoma | Restaging | Prominent [18F]FDG-avid uptake in hepatic and colon metastases | Prominent [18F]FDG-avid uptake in multiple GGOs and patchy opacities, with intralobular septal thickening of lung in LUL and RLL |
| P5/M/59 | Mattoli MV et al., 2020 [21] | Italy | Diffuse B cell lymphoma | Therapeutic response | NR | Focally increasing [18F]FDG uptake with a consolidation surrounding a faint GGO in central RML (SUVmax 3.3) |
| P6/M/67 | Johnson LN et al., 2020 [28] | USA | Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer | Follow-up | Mild [18F]FDG uptake in the long segment of the small bowel at the mid-abdomen (SUVmax 4.7) and faint [18F]FDG uptake in lymph nodes at the lower abdomen (SUVmax 2.9) | Uneven [18F]FDG-avid uptake of GGOs in both lungs (SUVmax 9.5), mediastinal and hilar LNs (SUVmax 9.6) |
| P7/F/65 | Castanheira J et al., 2020 [14] | Portugal | Breast cancer | Follow-up | Recurrent breast cancer and bone marrow metastasis | Hot [18F]FDG uptake of a GGO in the RLL with interlobular thickening (SUVmax 8.0) and moderate increasing [18F]FDG uptake in ipsilateral hilar and subcarinal LN (SUVmax 4.0 to 5.0) |
| P8/M/54 | Colandrea M et al., 2020 [15] | Italy | Non-hodgkin lymphoma | Staging | Pathological increasing [18F]FDG uptake in right inguinal lymphadenopathy | Moderate-to-hot [18F]FDG uptake of GGOs in lower lobes of both lungs (SUV bw max 10.7); faint [18F]FDG uptake of focal consolidation in LUL (SUV bw max 3.9). Mediastinum and left subclavian LNs (SUV bw max 4.6) |
| P9/M/61 | Colandrea M et al., 2020 [15] | Italy | - | Characterization of unknow brain and lung LN lesion | NR | Mild-to-moderate [18F]FDG uptake including consolidation in RUL (SUV bw max 3.6), multiple GGOs in LLL (SUV bw max 4.9), mediastinal, carinal, and hilar LNs (SUV bw max 3.9) |
| P10/M/48 | Colandrea M et al., 2020 [15] | Italy | Lung cancer | Restating | Increased hot [18F]FDG uptake in retro-bronchial LNs (SUV bw max 9.8), favored recent radiotherapy related | Mild-to-moderate [18F]FDG uptake including consolidation in LUL (SUV bw max 3.3), multiple peripheral GGOs and septal thickening in LLL (SUV bw max 6.5) Mediastinal and left hilar LNs (SUV bw max 5.2) |
| P11/M/54 | Colandrea M et al., 2020 [15] | Italy | Melanoma | Follow-up | NR | Multiple small GGOs without corresponding [18F]FDG uptake in both lungs |
| P12/NR/NR | Colandrea M et al., 2020 [15] | Italy | Tongue cancer | Follow-up | NR | Increased [18F]FDG uptake in peripheral and parenchymal GGOs of both lower lobes (SUV bw max 6.3), focal consolidation in RUL (SUV bw max 6.8) and right hilar LNs (SUV bw max 5.9) |
| P13/F/56 | Albano D et al., 2020 [12] | Italy | Anal cancer | restaging | An inguinal metastatic nodule with corresponding [18F]FDG uptake | Mild [18F]FDG uptake of GGOs and consolidation in both lower lobes (SUVmax 3.6) |
| P14/M/77 | Albano D et al., 2020 [12] | Italy | Laryngeal cancer | Staging | Increased hot [18F]FDG uptake in right epiglottis and local cervical nodes | Faint [18F]FDG uptake of GGOs in both lungs (SUVmax 2.0) |
| P15/F/65 | Albano D et al., 2020 [12] | Italy | Ovarian cancer | Follow-up | No abnormal [18F]FDG uptake in primary site of ovarian malignancy | [18F]FDG-avid uptake of corresponding GGOs in both lungs (SUVmax 6.9) |
| P16/F/55 | Albano D et al., 2020 [12] | Italy | Hodgkin lymphoma | Therapeutic response | Increasing [18F]FDG uptake in the axillary nodes, suggestive of lymphoma nodule | [18F]FDG-avid uptake of corresponding GGOs in right lung (SUVmax 5.0) |
| P17/F/57 | Scarlattei M et al., 2020 [23] | Italy | Breast cancer | Restaging | [18F]FDG-avid tumor uptake in left breast (SUVmax 6.5) | Multiple mild-to-hot [18F]FDG uptake of GGOs in bilateral lower lobes (range of SUVmax 2.2 to 9.1), and moderate-to-hot [18F]FDG uptake in mediastinal, hilar, and carinal LNs (SUVmax 7.0) |
| P18/F/57 | Scarlattei M et al., 2020 [23] | Italy | - | Characterization of splenic lesion | No abnormal [18F]FDG uptake in splenic lesion | Several GGOs in both lungs with mild [18F]FDG uptake (SUVmax 4.6) and faint [18F]FDG uptake in bibasilar LNs (SUVmax 2.5) |
| P19/F/38 | Piciu A et al., 2021 [22] | Romania | Nasopharyngeal carcinoma | Therapeutic response | [18F]FDG-avid uptake in left supraclavicular lymphadenopathy | Faint [18F]FDG uptake of multiple GGOs in RML |
| P20/M/70 | Piciu A et al., 2021 [22] | Romania | Maxillary sinus carcinoma | Restaging | [18F]FDG-avid nodules in maxillary sinus | Hot [18F]FDG uptake of multiple GGOs in both lungs (SUV lbm max 6.8) |
| P21/F/64 | Piciu A et al., 2021 [22] | Romania | Follicular thyroid carcinoma | Follow-up | NR | A metastasis-associated nodule with minimally increased [18F]FDG uptake in peripheral RLL and without other lung alterations |
| P22/F/65 | Piciu A et al., 2021 [22] | Romania | Rectal cancer | Staging | [18F]FDG-avid uptake in rectal area, favored rectal malignant | Diffuse mild GGOs in both lungs (SUV lbm max 3.8) |
| P23/F/70 | Piciu A et al., 2021 [22] | Romania | Breast cancer | Follow-up | NR | Diffuse GGOs with crazy paving in both lungs with mild [18F]FDG uptake (SUV lbm max 3.7) |
| P24/F/27 | Karimi-Galougahi M et al., 2020 [29] | Iran | - | Characterization of unknow anosmia | NR | Right hilar LN (SUVmax 2.6) with mild [18F]FDG uptake, suspicious occult malignancy, then confirmation of a transient [18F]FDG-avid LN by scan 10 days later |
| P25/M/88 | Ferrando-Castagnetto F et al, 2020 [18] | Spain | Melanoma | Follow-up | Intense [18F]FDG-avid uptake in both left preauricular and bilateral cervical lymphadenopathy No changes in melanoma associated features |
Mild [18F]FDG uptake of GGOs in both lungs and curvilinear lines in right lung (SUVmax 3.2); hot [18F]FDG uptake in mediastinal and bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy (largest size 9 mm, SUVmax 8.1) |
| P26/NR/NR | Cosma L et al., 2020 [16] | Italy | Colorectal cancer | Therapeutic response | NR | Multiple GGOs in right lung and a nodule in right interlobar region, which showed mild [18F]FDG uptake (SUVmax 2.4) |
| P27/M/68 | López-Mora DA et al., 2021 [20] | Spain | Urothelial carcinoma | Follow-up | No abnormal [18F]FDG uptake outside thoracic cavity | Multiple mild [18F]FDG uptake of GGOs in both lungs, then disappeared 3 months later |
| P28/M/67 | Martineau P, et al., 2020 [26] | Canada | - | Characterization of a suspicious lung nodule | No abnormal [18F]FDG uptake outside thoracic cavity | Focal increased [18F]FDG uptake of lung nodule (SUVmax 4.1), confirming adenocarcinoma by biopsy; moderate-to-hot [18F]FDG uptake of GGOs and consolidative opacities in both lungs (SUVmax from 5.0 to 7.2), also in mediastinal LNs, more likely reactive LNs by size evaluation |
| P29/F/27 | Simand C et al., 2020 [24] | France | Hodgkin lymphoma | Restaging | Increased [18F]FDG uptake in bone marrow | GGOs with consolidations in LLL (SUVmax 8.1) |
| P30/M/78 | de Barry O et al., 2020 [17] | France | - | Characterization of rheumatic polymyalgia | Increased [18F]FDG uptake of osteoarticular involvement in both shoulders | A GGO with consolidation in LUL with focal hot [18F]FDG uptake (SUVmax 5.4) |
M, male; F, female; PET/CT, positron emission tomography–computed tomography; CT, computed tomography; -, without,; GGO, ground-glass opacity; RUL, right upper lobe; RML, right middle lobe; RLL, right lower lobe; LUL, left upper lobe; LLL, left lower lobe; LN, lymph node; NR, not reported; SUVmax, maximal standardized uptake values; SUV bw max, maximal standardized uptake values in body weight; SUV lbm max, maximal standardized uptake values in lean body mass.