Table 2.

Logistic Regression for determinants associated with late presentation. Ref—Reference category; aOR-adjusted Odds Ratio; Other in mode of transmission include transfusions; Other in region of origin include Latin and North American Countries; MSM- Men have sex with men; IDU- Injection drug users.

Late Presenters/ Non-Late Presenters	Unadjusted		Final Model
Variable	OR (95%CI)	p-Value	aOR (95%CI)	p-Value
Sex
Female	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref
Male	0.90 (0.87–0.94)	<0.001	1.05 (0.91–1.21)	0.522
Age at diagnosis	1.03 (1.02–1.03)	<0.001
Age groups
<18	0.55 (0.47–0.65)	<0.001	0.48 (0.33–0.69)	<0.001
19–30	0.65 (0.61–0.68)	<0.001	0.70 (0.63–0.79)	<0.001
31–55	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref
>56	1.70 (1.49–1.94)	<0.001	1.54 (1.15–2.06)	0.004
Mode of transmission
Heterosexual	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref
MSM	0.55 (0.53–0.58)	<0.001	0.74 (0.64–0.86)	<0.001
IDU	0.88 (0.83–0.93)	<0.001	1.12 (0.96–1.31)	0.137
Other	0.97 (0.88–1.06)	0.462	1.29 (0.99–1.70)	0.062
Region of Origin
Western Europe	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref
Eastern Europe	1.08 (0.97–1.20)	0.191	1.07 (0.78–1.48)	0.683
Africa	1.65 (1.54–1.77)	<0.001	1.76 (1.37–2.26)	<0.001
South America	0.96 (0.89–1.03)	0.267	1.41 (1.07–1.87)	0.015
Other	1.17 (1.04–1.31)	0.011	1.39 (0.92–2.09)	0.118
Subtype
HIV-1 Subtype B	Ref	Ref
HIV-1 Subtype non-B	1.38 (1.32–1.45)	<0.001
Migrant Status
Migrant	Ref	Ref
Native	0.84 (0.81–0.88)	<0.001
Recentness of infection
Chronic	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref
Recent	0.52 (0.50–0.55)	<0.001	0.61 (0.55–0.68)	<0.001
Log Viral load at diagnosis	1.45 (1.42–1.48)	<0.001
Log Viral load groups
<4.0	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref
4.1–5.0	1.45 (1.37–1.53)	<0.001	1.37 (1.22–1.55)	<0.001
>5.1	3.41 (3.21–3.62)	<0.001	3.41 (2.96–3.91)	<0.001