. 2021 Jul 8;13(7):2338. doi: 10.3390/nu13072338

Table 1.

Important biological factors for cardiometabolic risk *.

Biological Factors	References
The FTO rs9939609 variant was associated with obesity FTO rs17817449 SNP was related to BMI in males and postmenopausal females FTO rs17817449 SNP was associated with the susceptibility to T2D and development of T2D complications The effect of the FTO rs17817449 variant on BMI is mediated through the effect on the basal metabolic rate, and its effect is more pronounced in women FTO and MC4R gene variants enhance the impact of an intensive lifestyle intervention on BMI decrease in overweight/obese children; this association was not confirmed in overweight females The TMEM18 rs7561317 was associated with underweight BDNF rs925946 and MC4R rs17782313 were associated with metabolic syndrome PCSK1 rs6235 was negatively related to increased blood glucose INSIG2 polymorphism has no significant effect on BMI and plasma lipids PPARα and PPARγ2 polymorphisms have no significant effect on anthropometric, biochemical, hormonal, and psychobehavioral characteristics of the subjects NYD-SP18 rs6971019 SNP is related to BMI in males; variants within NYD-SP18 and FTO genes revealed a significant additive effect on BMI values in males Prevalence of MC4R homozygous and heterozygous mutations among Czech obese children is 2.4%, and it is not associated with different responses to diet management	[7] [8] [9] [10] [11,12] [7] [7] [7] [13] [14] [15] [7,16]

Biological Factors

References

The FTO rs9939609 variant was associated with obesity
FTO rs17817449 SNP was related to BMI in males and postmenopausal females
FTO rs17817449 SNP was associated with the susceptibility to T2D and development of T2D complications
The effect of the FTO rs17817449 variant on BMI is mediated through the effect on the basal metabolic rate, and its effect is more pronounced in women
FTO and MC4R gene variants enhance the impact of an intensive lifestyle intervention on BMI decrease in overweight/obese children; this association was not confirmed in overweight females
The TMEM18 rs7561317 was associated with underweight
BDNF rs925946 and MC4R rs17782313 were associated with metabolic syndrome
PCSK1 rs6235 was negatively related to increased blood glucose
INSIG2 polymorphism has no significant effect on BMI and plasma lipids
PPARα and PPARγ2 polymorphisms have no significant effect on anthropometric, biochemical, hormonal, and psychobehavioral characteristics of the subjects
NYD-SP18 rs6971019 SNP is related to BMI in males; variants within NYD-SP18 and FTO genes revealed a significant additive effect on BMI values in males
Prevalence of MC4R homozygous and heterozygous mutations among Czech obese children is 2.4%, and it is not associated with different responses to diet management

[7]
[8]
[9]
[10]
[11,12]
[7]
[7]
[7]
[13]
[14]
[15]
[7,16]

* This is a partial list of research conducted on Czech populations regarding biological determinants of cardiometabolic risk. Abbreviations: ABCD—adiposity-based chronic disease, BDNF—brain-derived neurotrophic factor, BMI—body mass index, DBCD—dysglycemia-based chronic disease, FTO—fat mass and obesity-associated, INSIG2—insulin-induced gene 2, MC4R—melanocortin 4 receptor, NYD-SP18—testis development protein, PCSK1—proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin Type 1, PPARs—peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors, SNP—single-nucleotide polymorphisms, TMEM18—transmembrane protein 18, T2D—type 2 diabetes.