Table 2.

Diet Mediterranean-ness and levels of fatty acids (%) of patients stratified per treatment arm at time T0, T3 and variation T3-T0.

	T0			T3			T3-T0
	MD	LFD	p-Value	MD	LFD	p-Value	MD	p-Value	LFD	p-Value	p-Value
	n = 58	n = 62		n = 58	n = 62		n = 58	vs. T0	n = 62	vs. T0	Between Groups
MeDAS Score	7.3 ± 1.4	7.1 ± 1.8	0.55	9.9 ± 1.7	8.2 ± 1.7	<0.0001	2.6 ± 2.2	<0.0001	1.0 ± 1.8	<0.0001	<0.0001
Fatty acids levels (% of total fatty acids):
Total Saturated Fatty Acids	38.5 ± 4.33	38.52 ± 4.07	0.77	36.39 ± 2.7	37.29 ± 2.72	0.03	−1.88 ± 3.98	0.001	−1.25 ± 3.66	0.009	0.4
16:0 (Palmitic Acid)	24.15 ± 3.21	24.35 ± 2.96	0.54	23 ± 2.45	23.71 ± 2.23	0.04	−0.89 ± 2.94	0.025	−0.65 ± 2.81	0.07	0.42
18:0 (Stearic Acid)	10.81 ± 1.64	10.77 ± 1.43	0.78	10.13 ± 0.96	10.32 ± 0.98	0.33	−0.71 ± 1.49	0.001	−0.45 ± 1.07	0.002	0.33
20:0 (Arachic Acid)	0.43 ± 0.27	0.43 ± 0.24	0.94	0.34 ± 0.09	0.33 ± 0.1	0.59	−0.08 ± 0.23	0.012	−0.1 ± 0.21	<0.001	0.26
Total Monounsaturated Fatty Acids	25.39 ± 3.65	24.81 ± 3.27	0.28	26.22 ± 3	25.89 ± 2.65	0.82	0.74 ± 3.4	0.1	1.08 ± 3.18	0.01	0.42
16:1 (Palmitoleic Acid)	1.76 ± 0.64	1.99 ± 0.81	0.09	1.59 ± 0.53	1.8 ± 0.68	0.08	−0.1 ± 0.48	0.1	−0.19 ± 0.58	0.012	0.9
18:1 (Oleic Acid)	19.3 ± 3.64	18.43 ± 3.24	0.12	20.13 ± 2.75	19.61 ± 2.31	0.51	0.7 ± 3.36	0.12	1.14 ± 3.31	0.009	0.34
20:1	0.2 ± 0.12	0.22 ± 0.19	0.84	0.19 ± 0.05	0.18 ± 0.03	0.66	0 ± 0.1	0.77	−0.04 ± 0.19	0.08	0.49
24:1	2.5 ± 0.56	2.46 ± 0.46	0.96	2.66 ± 0.47	2.62 ± 0.44	0.59	0.11 ± 0.58	0.17	0.17 ± 0.45	0.004	0.7
20:3 n−9 (Mead Acid)	0.21 ± 0.16	0.16 ± 0.11	0.03	0.14 ± 0.06	0.14 ± 0.04	0.82	−0.03 ± 0.11	0.05	−0.07 ± 0.14	0.001	0.12
Total Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids	36.11 ± 4.04	36.67 ± 4.78	0.38	37.39 ± 4.13	36.81 ± 4.11	0.31	1.14 ± 3.73	0.023	0.17 ± 4.14	0.75	0.1
Total n−6	31.06 ± 3.36	31.3 ± 4.23	0.56	32.15 ± 3.29	31.88 ± 3.51	0.58	0.95 ± 3.21	0.028	0.56 ± 3.56	0.22	0.4
18:2 n−6 (LA)	17.52 ± 2.99	17.1 ± 3.56	0.45	18.23 ± 2.15	18.09 ± 2.83	0.76	0.58 ± 2.8	0.12	0.91 ± 2.74	0.011	0.53
18:3 n−6 (GLA)	0.51 ± 0.29	0.54 ± 0.25	0.15	0.42 ± 0.15	0.42 ± 0.13	0.42	−0.07 ± 0.29	0.08	−0.12 ± 0.27	0.002	0.14
20:3 n−6 (DHGLA)	1.62 ± 0.35	1.54 ± 0.3	0.13	1.53 ± 0.3	1.43 ± 0.29	0.01	−0.11 ± 0.27	0.004	−0.11 ± 0.24	0.001	0.86
20:4 n−6 (AA)	10.13 ± 2.37	10.75 ± 2.44	0.13	10.73 ± 2.21	10.68 ± 1.99	0.69	0.6 ± 1.86	0.017	−0.01 ± 1.96	0.95	0.05
22:4 n−6	1.01 ± 0.42	1.08 ± 0.4	0.25	0.97 ± 0.35	1 ± 0.35	0.78	−0.06 ± 0.38	0.27	−0.07 ± 0.34	0.09	0.85
22:5 n−6 (DPA n−6)	0.27 ± 0.15	0.3 ± 0.16	0.25	0.27 ± 0.17	0.26 ± 0.12	0.54	0 ± 0.22	0.99	−0.04 ± 0.19	0.14	0.42
Total n−3	4.88 ± 1.85	5.17 ±1.83	0.24	5.11 ± 1.46	4.79 ± 1.54	0.2	0.22 ± 1.67	0.32	−0.32 ± 1.48	0.09	0.03
18:3 n−3 (ALA)	0.39 ± 0.24	0.39 ± 0.28	0.65	0.32 ± 0.11	0.34 ± 0.16	0.98	−0.03 ± 0.23	0.27	−0.05 ± 0.3	0.19	0.9
20:5 n−3 (EPA)	0.8 ± 0.47	0.88 ± 0.48	0.26	0.91 ± 0.5	0.83 ± 0.44	0.27	0.09 ± 0.56	0.22	−0.04 ± 0.41	0.417	0.07
22:5 n−3 (DPA n−3)	0.95 ± 0.53	1.02 ± 0.53	0.27	0.84 ± 0.24	0.81 ± 0.25	0.4	−0.11 ± 0.51	0.11	−0.2 ± 0.46	0.001	0.11
22:6 n−3 (DHA)	2.74 ± 1.06	2.88 ± 1.03	0.43	3.04 ± 0.87	2.82 ± 0.95	0.13	0.27 ± 0.89	0.023	−0.03 ± 0.92	0.77	0.12
EPA + DHA	3.58 ± 1.37	3.72 ± 1.42	0.38	3.94 ± 1.21	3.64 ± 1.30	0.18	0.36 ± 1.17	0.02	−0.07 ± 1.16	0.6	0.04
Total n−6/Total n−3	7.38 ± 3.01	7.01 ± 3	0.24	6.84 ± 2.16	7.35 ± 2.37	0.18	−0.62 ± 2.76	0.1	0.24 ± 2.36	0.42	0.04

Values are expressed as means ± standard deviation. Significant p-values are highlighted in bold. MD: Mediterranean diet; LFD: low-fat diet; MeDAS score: Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener score; LA: linoleic acid; GLA: γ-linolenic acid; DHGLA: diomo-γ-linolenic acid; AA: arachidonic acid; DPA: docosapentaenoic acid; ALA: α-linolenic acid; EPA: eicosapentaenoic acid; DHA: docosahexaenoic acid.