Table 2.
Descriptive statistics of study participants by eating speed, physical activity, and cardiorespiratory fitness.
| Variable | Eating Speed | Physical Activity | Cardiorespiratory Fitness | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Slow | Fast | Active | Inactive | Fit | Unfit | |
| Age (years) | 23.0 ± 2.5 | 23.6 ± 2.6 ** | 23.2 ± 2.6 | 23.2 ± 2.5 | 23.1 ± 2.5 | 23.8 ± 2.6 ** |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 21.7 ± 2.8 | 23.3 ± 3.0 ** | 22.4 ± 2.6 | 22.1 ± 3.2 | 21.8 ± 2.6 | 24.0 ± 3.8 ** |
| Body fat (%) | 20.9 ± 5.5 | 21.6 ± 5.2 * | 20.6 ± 5.1 | 21.2 ± 5.6 * | 20.3 ± 5.2 | 24.2 ± 5.0 ** |
| WHR | 0.83 ± 0.05 | 0.85 ± 0.05 ** | 0.83 ± 0.05 | 0.83 ± 0.05 | 0.83 ± 0.05 | 0.86 ± 0.05 ** |
| WC (cm) | 78.4 ± 7.7 | 82.5 ± 8.2 ** | 79.8 ± 7.3 | 79.9 ± 8.7 | 78.4 ± 7.0 | 85.0 ± 9.9 ** |
| Current/past smokers (n, %) | 236 (30.4) | 179 (44.0) ** | 185 (37.4) | 230 (66.6) | 289 (32.5) | 107 (44.0) |
| Alcohol intake (n, %) | 568 (73.2) | 316 (77.6) | 369 (74.7) | 515 (74.7) | 654 (73.5) | 189 (77.8) |
| SBP (mmHg) | 115.1 ± 13.3 | 119.5 ± 13.4 ** | 117.4 ± 13.2 | 116.1 ± 13.7 | 115.5 ± 12.9 | 120.7 ± 15.3 ** |
| DBP (mmHg) | 67.9 ± 8.5 | 69.5 ± 8.8 * | 68.1 ± 7.9 | 68.8 ± 9.1 | 67.8 ± 8.1 | 70.9 ± 10.1 ** |
| FBG (mg/dL) | 96.9 ± 13.2 | 97.1 ± 12.0 | 96.3 ± 11.7 | 97.4 ± 13.5 | 96.3 ± 12.4 | 98.9 ± 13.3 * |
| TG (mg/dL) | 98.1 ± 47.9 | 112.7 ± 58.0 ** | 99.4 ± 48.2 | 105.8 ± 54.5 * | 95.6 ± 43.3 | 130.0 ± 65.7 ** |
| HDLC (mg/dL) | 50.1 ± 14.8 | 46.2 ± 14.5 ** | 49.1 ± 14.4 | 48.5 ± 14.5 | 49.1 ± 14.4 | 47.3 ± 14.8 |
| Metabolic syndrome (n, %) | 55 (7.1) | 49 (12.0) * | 27 (5.5) | 77 (11.2) ** | 43 (4.8) | 59 (24.3) ** |
BMI: body mass index; WHR: waist-to-hip ratio, WC: waist circumference; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; FBG: fasting blood glucose; TG: triglycerides; HDLC: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Asterisks (* and **) indicate a statistical significance (p = 0.05 and p = 0.001, respectively).