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Effect of daily imipramine and KBD formula treatments on UCMS-induced hopeless behavior in the forced swimming test (A) and tail suspension test (B). Increased immobility times indicate hopeless behavior. Each data column represents the mean ± S.E.M. (n = 10–12 in each group). ## p < 0.001 vs. vehicle-treated non-stress group. * p < 0.05 and ** p < 0.001 vs. vehicle-treated UCMS group. ¤ p < 0.05 compared between doses of the KBD formula.
