. 2021 Jul 19;13(7):2461. doi: 10.3390/nu13072461

Table 4.

Total energy intake and BMI in the five capsaicinoid intake subgroups in each age and sex group.

	Capsaicinoid Intake Subgroup ⁽¹⁾	VLC	LC	MC	HC	VHC
		Total Energy Intake (kcal, Mean ± SE)
Male	Age 0–9	1482 ± 17.7 ^a(2)	1910 ± 40.3 ^b	2654 ± 167.7 ^c	2800 ± 117.1 ^c	1890 ± 205.4 ^ab
	Age 10–19	2246 ± 42.7 ^a	2367 ± 47.6 ^a	3016 ± 142.2 ^b	3318 ± 101.2 ^b	4402 ± 474.1 ^b
	Age 20–29	2120 ± 73.4 ^a	2567 ± 66.1 ^b	2785 ± 111.1 ^b	3278 ± 105.7 ^c	4192 ± 247.5 ^d
	Age 30–39	2400 ± 96.3 ^a	2408 ± 47.8 ^a	2853 ± 80.1 ^b	3193 ± 68.6 ^c	4179 ± 235.2 ^d
	Age 40–49	2267 ± 92.4 ^a	2272 ± 40.4 ^a	2597 ± 48.8 ^b	2948 ± 55.4 ^c	4297 ± 293.3 ^d
	Age 50–59	2198 ± 85.6 ^ab	2175 ± 43.9 ^a	2428 ± 40.7 ^b	2806 ± 46.7 ^c	3381 ± 131.9 ^d
	Age 60–69	1863 ± 49.5 ^a	2050 ± 32.5 ^b	2258 ± 40.1 ^c	2631 ± 51.3 ^d	3237 ± 219.5 ^d
	Age ≥ 70	1685 ± 39.0 ^a	1878 ± 30.6 ^b	2112 ± 35.2 ^c	2368 ± 70.9 ^d	2740 ± 369.9 ^bcd
Female	Age 0–9	1333 ± 15.7 ^a	1713 ± 38.8 ^b	1982 ± 87.0 ^c	2196 ± 403.1 ^abc	2060 ± 0.0 ^c
	Age 10–19	1824 ± 36.2 ^a	1950 ± 33.7 ^a	2257 ± 78.6 ^b	2658 ± 165.2 ^b	3646 ± 565.8 ^b
	Age 20–29	1688 ± 37.9 ^a	1966 ± 53.9 ^b	2399 ± 125.5 ^c	2623 ± 130.4 ^c	3819 ± 597.2 ^c
	Age 30–39	1692 ± 32.8 ^a	1854 ± 26.6 ^b	2046 ± 36.9 ^c	2236 ± 53.6 ^d	2641 ± 222.7 ^cd
	Age 40–49	1550 ± 38.9 ^a	1749 ± 24.3 ^b	1987 ± 40.5 ^c	2252 ± 45.5 ^d	2626 ± 172.5 ^d
	Age 50–59	1581 ± 48.7 ^a	1699 ± 20.3 ^a	1929 ± 38.8 ^b	2232 ± 55.9 ^c	2364 ± 204.6 ^bc
	Age 60–69	1495 ± 29.3 ^a	1666 ± 21.9 ^b	1945 ± 45.6 ^c	2254 ± 67.3 ^d	2097 ± 188.4 ^bcd
	Age ≥ 70	1326 ± 24.4 ^a	1493 ± 24.0 ^b	1745 ± 41.6 ^c	2047 ± 119.1 ^cd	2467 ± 168.0 ^d
		BMI (kg/m² , Mean ± SE)
Male	Age 0–9	16.1 ± 0.07 ^a*	16.9 ± 0.16 ^a*	18.0 ± 0.53 ^a*	18.8 ± 1.60 ^a*	16.2 ± 0.58 ^a*
	Age 10–19	20.9 ± 0.19 ^a*	21.3 ± 0.19 ^a*	21.2 ± 0.30 ^a*	22.5 ± 0.31 ^a*	22.1 ± 0.78 ^a*
	Age 20–29	24.2 ± 0.26 ^a	24.2 ± 0.27 ^a	24.0 ± 0.28 ^a	24.9 ± 0.37 ^a	23.2 ± 0.78 ^a
	Age 30–39	25.0 ± 0.24 ^a	25.2 ± 0.20 ^a	25.0 ± 0.20 ^a	25.1 ± 0.18 ^a	25.4 ± 0.52 ^a
	Age 40–49	24.7 ± 0.31 ^a	24.6 ± 0.15 ^a	24.5 ± 0.17 ^a	25.1 ± 0.17 ^a	24.9 ± 0.41 ^a
	Age 50–59	24.0 ± 0.28 ^a	24.3 ± 0.13 ^a	24.7 ± 0.17 ^a	24.7 ± 0.15 ^a	25.0 ± 0.37 ^a
	Age 60–69	24.1 ± 0.22 ^a	24.2 ± 0.15 ^a	24.1 ± 0.14 ^a	24.4 ± 0.15 ^a	24.8 ± 0.45 ^a
	Age ≥ 70	23.4 ± 0.20 ^a	23.7 ± 0.14 ^a	23.6 ± 0.21 ^a	23.9 ± 0.23 ^a	23.9 ± 0.46 ^a
Female	Age 0–9	16.6 ± 0.15 ^a	17.3 ± 0.24 ^a	17.6 ± 0.45 ^a	15.8 ± 0.57 ^a	21.3 ± 0.00 ^a
	Age 10–19	20.2 ± 0.16 ^a*	20.3 ± 0.18 ^a*	21.2 ± 0.44 ^a*	21.0 ± 0.53 ^a*	16.9 ± 0.55 ^a*
	Age 20–29	21.6 ± 0.19 ^a	21.8 ± 0.17 ^a	21.6 ± 0.30 ^a	21.7 ± 0.40 ^a	21.1 ± 0.83 ^a
	Age 30–39	22.4 ± 0.21 ^a	22.5 ± 0.15 ^a	22.6 ± 0.27 ^a	22.5 ± 0.27 ^a	24.6 ± 1.53 ^a
	Age 40–49	23.0 ± 0.16 ^a	23.0 ± 0.12 ^a	23.3 ± 0.23 ^ab	23.3 ± 0.23 ^ab	25.4 ± 0.75 ^b
	Age 50–59	23.6 ± 0.16 ^a	23.6 ± 0.16 ^a	23.8 ± 0.14 ^a	23.8 ± 0.21 ^a	24.0 ± 0.59 ^a
	Age 60–69	24.3 ± 0.14 ^a	24.2 ± 0.11 ^a	24.1 ± 0.19 ^a	25.0 ± 0.28 ^a	24.1 ± 0.90 ^a
	Age ≥ 70	24.4 ± 0.14 ^a	24.6 ± 0.15 ^a	24.7 ± 0.25 ^a	25.0 ± 0.36 ^a	24.2 ± 0.89 ^a

⁽¹⁾ Study participants were divided into five subgroups depending on their level of capsaicinoid intake: very low capsaicinoid (VLC), low capsaicinoid (LC), moderate capsaicinoid (MC), high capsaicinoid (HC), and very high capsaicinoid (VHC) intake. ⁽²⁾ Multiple comparisons with Bonferroni correction were made to examine the difference in total energy intake and body mass index (BMI) among capsaicinoid intake subgroups in each age and sex group. Analyses were also conducted with age adjustment for age groups under 20. Subgroups sharing the same letter superscript are not significantly different (p < 0.05). The asterisks indicate changes in significant difference after age adjustment.