Table 1.

Number of mutated ctDNA molecules that might be expected according to the volume of plasma collected, and the tumor and variant allele fraction (VAF) of the mutation. Three situations are envisaged: top: ctDNA = 2000 hGE/mL (e.g., 4000 hGE/mL of total cfDNA with 50% being tumor-derived); middle: ctDNA = 200 hGE/mL (e.g., 400 hGE/mL of total cfDNA with 50% being tumor-derived); bottom: ctDNA = 20 hGE/mL (e.g., 40 hGE/mL of total cfDNA with 50% being tumor-derived). Color key according to the number of ctDNA copies harboring the variant (red 0–10; orange 11–100; green > 100).

ctDNA Concentration of 2000 hGE/mL (e.g., PMBL), Corresponding to 6.6 ng/mL	Volume of Plasma (mL)	Haploid Genome Equivalents	ctDNA Quantity (ng)	Number of Mutated ctDNA Copies (hGE) at Different VAFs
				VAF 50%	VAF 10%	VAF 1%	VAF 0.1%	VAF 0.01%
	50	100,000	330	50,000	10,000	1000	100	10
	20	40,000	132	20,000	4000	400	40	4
	10	20,000	66	10,000	2000	200	20	2
	5	10,000	33	50,000	1000	100	10	1
	1	2000	6.6	10,000	200	20	2	0.2
ctDNA Concentration of 200 hGE/mL (e.g., DLBCL), Corresponding to 0.66 ng/mL	Volume of Plasma (mL)	Haploid Genome Equivalents	ctDNA Quantity (ng)	Number of Mutated ctDNA Copies (hGE) at Different VAFs
				VAF 50%	VAF 10%	VAF 1%	VAF 0.1%	VAF 0.01%
	50	10,000	33	5000	1000	100	10	1
	20	4000	13.2	2000	400	40	4	0.4
	10	2000	6.6	1000	200	20	2	0.2
	5	1000	3.3	5000	100	10	1	0.1
	1	200	0.66	100	20	2	0.2	0.02
ctDNA Concentration of 20 hGE/mL (e.g., FL), Corresponding to 0.066 ng/mL	Volume of Plasma (mL)	Haploid Genome Equivalents	ctDNA Quantity (ng)	Number of Mutated ctDNA Copies (hGE) at Different VAFs
				VAF 50%	VAF 10%	VAF 1%	VAF 0.1%	VAF 0.01%
	50	1000	3.3	500	100	10	1	0.1
	20	400	1.32	200	40	4	0.4	0.04
	10	200	0.66	100	20	2	0.2	0.02
	5	100	0.33	50	10	1	0.1	0.01
	1	20	0.066	10	2	0.2	0.02	0.002