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. 2021 Jun 28;13(7):978. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13070978

Figure 5.

Figure 5

Mean writing counts in mice treated with (A) Ketoprofen nasal nanovesicular system (KET-NVS), vs. oral drug administration (KET-PO), each at a dose of 11 mg/kg, 30 min prior to i.p. injection of acetic acid and compared to untreated mice, (n, 4/each group). (B) Butorphanol nanovesicular system (BUT-NVS), vs. water solution (BUT-WS), each at a dose of 0.15 mg/kg, 10 min prior to i.p. injection of acetic acid and compared to untreated control mice, (n, 5/each group). (C) Tramadol at a dose of 5 mg/kg in Nasal Nanovesicular carrier (TRA NVS), Nasal non-vesicular system (TRA NV), Oral preparation (TRA PO) and untreated mice 10, 60 and 180 min prior to i.p. injection of acetic acid; (n, 5/each group), mean ± SD. p < 0.05 for KET-NVS-treated group vs. KET-PO. p < 0.01 for KET-NVS-treated group vs. untreated control. p < 0.05 for BUT NVS vs. BUT PO, p < 0.01 for BUT NVS vs. untreated. p < 0.05 for TRA NVS vs. TRA PO, and TRA NV and untreated at all time points.