Table 3.
Compositions and properties of nanovesicular carrier and selected NVS containing non-controlled drugs for pain management.
| System | Nasal Nanovesicular Carrier | Ketoprofen NVS | Butorphanol NVS | Tramadol NVS |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Components, % w/w | PL:PG:DDW 2:30:68 |
KET:PL:PG:DDW 20:2:30:48 |
BUT:PL:PG:DDW 1:2:20:77 |
TRA:PL:PG:DDW 10:3:20:67 |
| Organoleptic properties | Homogenous, semitransparent, whitish liquid | Homogenous, clear and slightly yellowish liquid | Homogenous, semitransparent, whitish liquid | Homogenous milky, non transparent, whitish liquid |
| Vesicles structure by TEM | Multilamellar vesicles | -- | Multilamellar vesicles | -- |
| pH | 5.67 ± 0.12 | 5.54 ± 0.06 | 5.79 ± 0.03 | 5.00 ± 0.04 |
| Vesicle size Diameter, nm | 480.1 ± 170.1 | 99.41 ± 5.74 | 508.9 ± 70.2 | 453.1 ± 33.0 |
| PDI | 0.37 ± 0.12 | 0.13 ± 0.02 | 0.33 ± 0.10 | 0.19 ± 0.05 |
PL—Phospholipon 90G; PG—Propylene glycol; DDW—Double distilled water; KET—Ketoprofen; BUT—Butorphanol tartrate; TRA—Tramadol HCl; PDI—polydispersity index.