Table 6.

MPE% following administration of Tramadol nasal nanovesicular system (TRA NVS) to mice as compared to Nasal non-vesicular system (TRA NV) and Oral administration (TRA PO), each at a drug dose of 5 mg/kg, at various time points prior to pain induction.

Time (min)	NVS	NV	PO
	MPE%
10	59.7	31.6	19.8
60	59.2	29.2	36.8
180	63.1	30.4	38.2