ALP	alkaline phosphatase
bFGF	basic fibroblast growth factor
BHK-21	baby hamster kidney cell
BMP	bone morphogenic protein
BMP-2	bone morphogenic protein-2
BMP-4	bone morphogenic protein-4
BMP-6	bone morphogenic protein-6
BMP-7	bone morphogenic protein-7
BMSC	bone mesenchymal stem cell
COPROG	copolymer-protected gene vector
D-RADA16	biocompatible peptide, comprising arginine (R), alanine (A), and aspartate (D)
ERK1/2	extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2
FDA	Food and Drug Administration
FN	fibronectin
GF	growth factor
HA	hydroxyapatite
hAD-MSC	human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cell
IAPP	ion-assisted plasma polymer
IGF	insulin-like growth factor
IGF-1	insulin-like growth factor-1
miRNA	micro ribonucleic acid
mRNA	messenger ribonucleic acid
MSC	mesenchymal stem cell
NP	nanoparticle
PBMC	peripheral blood mononuclear cell
PCL	poly(ε-caprolactone)
PDLLA	poly(D,L-lactide)
pDNA	plasmid-deoxyribonucleic acid
PEEK	polyetheretherketone
PEG	poly(ethylene glycol)
PLA	polylactic acid
PLGA	poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid)
PRP	platelet-rich plasma
RGD	Arg-Gly-Asp
rhPDGF-BB	recombinant human platelet-derived growth factor BB
Runx2	runt-related transcription factor 2
TGF-β	transforming growth factor-β
TGF-β1	transforming growth factor-β1
TGF-β2	transforming growth factor-β2
Ti-HA	titanium implant infiltrated with hydroxyapatite
VEGF	vascular endothelial growth factor
VEGFA	vascular endothelial growth factor A
Wnt3A	wingless-type MMTV integration site family member 3A