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. 2021 Jul 6;13(7):1028. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13071028

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© 2021 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Effect of Gancaonin N on MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway in LPS-induced A549 cells. Gancaonin N (5–40 μM) was pretreated 2 h prior to LPS-induced inflammation in A549 cells, incubated for 6 h with LPS (5 μg/mL). The protein levels of ERK (A), p38 (B), and NF-κB p65 (C) were investigated by immunoblotting assay. Ratio of each protein was determined by ImageJ. The expression of NF-κB p65 (D) in the nucleus was confirmed using immunofluorescence assay (magnification: 400×, scale bar:75 μm). Values are represented as means ± SEM. ^### p < 0.001 is significantly different from non-treated group; * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001 are significantly different from only LPS-treated group.