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. 2021 Jul 20;13(7):1103. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13071103

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© 2021 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Pathway of tilmicosin-loaded NLCs transport into Caco-2 cell monolayers. (a) Effect of NLCs on P_app of Lucifer Yellow and propranolol (+ and -: treated with and without tilmicosin-loaded NLCs, respectively). (b) The P_app of tilmicosin-loaded NLCs (TMS-NLCs) and tilmicosin (API) at 4 °C and 37 °C. (c) The effect of various endocytosis inhibitors on the P_app of TMS-NLCs. CHL: chlorpromazine, MβCD: methyl-β-cyclodextrin, EIPA: 5-(N-ethyl-N-isopropyl)-amiloride, ns: no significance. * p < 0.05 and ** p < 0.01 compared with control. (d) After 4 h of transcellular transport, TMS-NLCs from the A-to-B side transport fluids were collected to observe the nanoparticle morphology by TEM. Scale bar was 200 nm. Reprinted from [174], Copyright (2019), with permission from Elsevier.