Table 5.
Gingival index and oral inflammation smokers in placebo, MO lozenge, and MO + CC lozenge groups. The different of oral inflammation and gingival index among three groups were analyzed using Kruskal–Wallis test. The values between baseline and week 4 was analyzed by Wilcoxon signed rank test at the p < 0.05 level. The values were represented as mean ± SD, ns is not significant. MO: Moringa oleifera; CC: Cyanthillium cinereum.
| Parameters | Placebo | MO Lozenge | MO + CC Lozenge | p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 22) | (n = 22) | (n = 24) | ||
| Oral Inflammation | ||||
| Baseline | 0.14 ± 0.35 | 0.27± 0.55 | 0.21 ± 0.25 | ns |
| Week 4 | 0.05 ± 0.21 | 0.05 ± 0.22 | 0.09 ± 0.42 | ns |
| p-Value | ns | ns | ns | |
| % Decrease | 64.28 | 81.48 | 57.14 | <0.001 |
| Gingival Index | ||||
| Baseline | 1.77 ± 0.69 | 2.18 ± 1.59 | 1.88 ± 0.61 | ns |
| Week 4 | 1.55 ± 0.51 | 1.62 ± 0.59 | 1.48 ± 0.51 | ns |
| p-Value | ns | ns | <0.05 | |
| % Decrease | 12.43 | 25.69 | 21.28 | <0.001 |