Table 1.

Summary of some reports on ternary complexes of CDs with arginine, including the improvements in pharmaceutical properties.

Ternary System	Molar Ratio	Preparation Method	Solubility	Dissolution	Other Properties	Reference
naproxen-HPβCD-arginine	1:1:1	co-grinding coevaporation	synergistic action between HPβCD and arginine with 13-fold solubility increment	superior performance of coevaporate complex with 15 times increase in DE		[12,13]
lornoxicam-βCD-arginine	1:2:1	freeze-drying	freeze-dried complex showed the higher solubility saturation in different buffer media	freeze-dried complex exhibits >95% dissolution after 20 min		[14]
oxaprozin-MβCD-arginine	1:1:1	co-grinding coevaporation kneading	4.5-fold solubility increment compared with the binary complex at pH 6.8	co-ground complex showed better performance (DE60 = 83) compared with the oxaprozin:MβCD complex (DE60 = 6.8)		[15]
zaltoprofen-βCD-arginine zaltoprofen-HPβCD-arginine	1:1:1	spray-drying coevaporation	spray-dried ternary complex with HPβCD showed the higher solubility saturation in water and buffer pH 1.2	Both, the spray-dried and co-ground ternary complex with βCD and HPβCD showed 14- and 15-fold increase in dissolution, respectively compared with pure drug		[16]
etodolac-HPβCD-arginine	1:1:1	spray-drying coevaporation	Spray-dried and coevaparate ternary complex showed an increment of 163- and 100-fold, respectively, in water with respect to saturation solubility of pure drug	Spray-dried and coevaparate ternary complex exhibits an increase in percent drug release of 19- and 20-fold, respectively, with respect to pure etodolac.		[17]
glyburide-HPβCD-arginine	1:1:0.5	co-grinding	ternary complex showed higher solubility in both aqueous media and buffer pH 7.5	ternary complex exhibits significant improvement in the dissolution profile compared with the pure drug in unbuffered aqueous media		[20]
repaglinide-HPβCD-arginine	1:1:1	coevaporation kneading	coevaporate complex showed maximum increase in solubility of drug (475-fold)	ternary complexes showed enhanced dissolution rate		[21]
nateglinide-HPβCD-arginine	1:1:1	kneading coevaporation spray-drying	ternary complexes showed higher solubility in both aqueous media and buffer pH 1.2	ternary complexes showed better performance (DE5 = 22) compared with the drug alone (DE5 = 6.6)		[22]
cefixime-βCD-arginine cefixime-HPβCD-arginine		spray-drying	ternary complex showed better drug solubility	ternary complex with HPβCD exhibit better performance (DE2 = 25) compared with the drug alone (DE2 = 0.75)		[23]
rifampicin-βCD- arginine	1:1:1	freeze-drying	ternary complex showed an increase in the drug solubility	ternary complex showed an increase in the dissolved percentage of the drug (53% versus 25% for drug alone)	higher antibiofilm activity with respect to pure rifampicin	[24]