Table 4.
Antimicrobial activity of extracts produced from freshly harvested and flash-frozen Centaurea scabiosa L. flowers extracted by various solvents (μg/mL).
| Solvents, Raw for Extraction | Clavibacter michiganensis VKM Ac-1404 | Alternaria solani K-100054 | Statistics a | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MIC | MBC | MIC | MBC | ||
| Ethanol, freshly harvested flowers | 1250 ± 100 | 5000 ± 300 | 2500 ± 200 | >10,000 | 0.001 |
| Ethanol, flash-frozen flowers | 625 ± 50 | 2500 ± 200 | 1250 ± 100 | 5000 ± 500 | <0.001 |
| Water, freshly harvested flowers | 5000 ± 300 | >10,000 | 5000 ± 300 | >10,000 | 0.001 |
| Water, flash-frozen flowers | 5000 ± 300 | >10000 | 5000 ± 300 | >10000 | 0.001 |
| Petroleum ether, freshly harvested flowers | 120 ± 10 | 500 ± 30 | 120 ± 10 | 250 ± 20 | <0.001 |
| Petroleum ether, flash-frozen flowers | 120 ± 10 | 1000±100 | 250 ± 20 | 500 ± 100 | <0.001 |
| MTBE, freshly harvested flowers | 120 ± 10 | 250 ± 20 | 60 ± 6 | 120 ± 10 | <0.001 |
| MTBE, flash-frozen flowers | 60±6 | 250 ± 30 | 60 ± 6 | 120 ± 10 | <0.001 |
a Statistical differences (p < 0.05) were assessed by applying a 2-tailed paired Student’s t-test.