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. 2021 Jul 6;13(7):1024. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13071024

Table 2.

Suggestive list of oil phases to be used in nanoemulsion.

Oil Phase Source Matrix Particle Size (nm) Ref.
Oils Fish oil Fishmeal and ensilage Carp viscera fish oil, chitosan, gelatine 96.5–166.5 [115]
Castor oil Seed of ricinus communis Castor oil, mineral oil, sorbitan monostearate, polysorbate 80 234 [116]
Corn oil Germ of corn Corn oil, glycerine, Tween 80®, Span 250 [117]
Coconut oil Kernel of coconut Tween 80® 18–62 [118]
Evening primrose oil Seeds of oenothera biennis Virgin coconut oil, mangosteen peels, propylene glycol, Tween 20/Span 20 202- 215 [119]
Linseed oil Seeds of linum usitatissimum Evening primrose oil, sorbitan oleate, polysorbate 80 20.34–314.77 [120]
Olive oil Olive fruit Linseed oil, perilla oil, cremophor rh40, Span 80 39.22 [121]
Palm oil Mesocarp of palm fruit Olive oil, Tween 80 275.5 [122]
Sunflower oil Seeds of sunflower Palm oil, curcumin, Tween 80 100–500 [123]
Neem oil Kernel of neem seed Sunflower oil, Tween 80, sorbitol 10 to 100 [124]
Babchi oil Seed of Psoralea corylifolia Neem oil, Tween 20 169–228 [125]
Grapeseed oil Seeds of grapes Babchi oil, cat, Tween 80, transcutol-p, distilled water 137.49-163.82 [126]
Chaumogra oil Seeds of hydnocarpus flacourtiaceae Grapeseed oil, Tween 80, PEG 400 36.33-49.11 [127]
Tea tree oil Leaves of Melaleuca alternifolia Chaulmoogra oil, methotrexate, Tween 80, ethanol 166.7–188.2 [128]
Argan oil Kernel of argan fruit Tea tree oil, Tween 80, propylene glycol 129–231 [129]
Sesame seed oil Sesame seeds Argan oil, sorbitan monolaurate, water 62.2 [130]
Jojoba oil Seeds of simmondsia chinensis Sesame seed oil, Tween 80, sorbitan monooleate 30–300 [131]
Waxes Carnauba wax Leaves of Copernicia prunifera palm Jojoba oil, sorbitan oleate, polysorbate 80 69 ± 0.63 [132]
Paraffin wax Petroleum Carnauba wax, soybean lecithin, Tween 80 160.9 [133]
Bees wax Bees Paraffin wax, sodium 95.72 ± 9.63 [134]
Candelilla Leave of candelilla shrub Lauryl sulphate, distilled water 50 [135]
Rice bran wax Bran oil of rice (Oryza sativa) Beeswax, carnauba wax, Polaxamer 407, Tween 80 92.56–94.52 [136]