Table 4.
Final germination rate (Gfin, %), average radicle length (mm) of weeds and horticultural species in the control (CTRL) and in AWE treatments at 50%, 75% and 100%.
| Species | Treatment | Gfin (%) | Average Radicle Length (mm) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Weeds | Conyza canadensis L. | CTRL | 65 ± 7 a | 4.1 ± 0.3 |
| 50% AWE | 19 ± 5 b | 3.3 ± 1 | ||
| 75% AWE | 15 ± 10 bc | 2.9 ± 0.8 | ||
| 100% AWE | 2 ± 3 c | 2.6 | ||
| Chenopodium album L. | CTRL | 27 ± 9 ab | 11 ± 1.5 a | |
| 50% AWE | 31 ± 4 a | 7.3 ± 1.4 b | ||
| 75% AWE | 25 ± 9 ab | 5.7 ± 0.9 b | ||
| 100% AWE | 14 ± 4 b | 5.2 ± 1.1 b | ||
| Lolium perenne L. | CTRL | 100 | 10.3 ± 1.3 a | |
| 50% AWE | 64 ± 27 | 10.3 ± 1.4 ab | ||
| 75% AWE | 57 ± 20 | 8.8 ± 3 ab | ||
| 100% AWE | 57 ± 26 | 3.9 ± 1.3 b | ||
| Amaranthus retroflexus L. | CTRL | 38 ± 12 a | 16 ± 2.4 | |
| 50% AWE | 34 ± 17 a | 12.9 ± 1.5 | ||
| 75% AWE | 31 ± 18 a | 12.4 ± 1.3 | ||
| 100% AWE | 28 ± 15 a | 8.3 ± 0.5 | ||
| Horticultural species | Lactuca sativa L. | CTRL | 100 | 15.6 ± 0.9 a |
| 50% AWE | 98 ± 5 | 7.5 ± 0.3 ab | ||
| 75% AWE | 88 ± 5 | 5.1 ± 0.5 c | ||
| 100% AWE | 98 ± 5 | 7 ± 2 b | ||
| Pisum sativum L. | CTRL | 88 ± 8 | 25.5 ± 7.9 | |
| 50% AWE | 83 ± 0 | 27.5 ± 7.3 | ||
| 75% AWE | 83 ± 0 | 23.9 ± 0.5 | ||
| 100% AWE | 92 ± 17 | 28.4 ± 7.5 | ||
| Solanum lycopersicum L. | CTRL | 100 | 18.5 ± 1.7 a | |
| 50% AWE | 100 | 13.8 ± 1.8 b | ||
| 75% AWE | 100 | 12.7 ± 0.7 b | ||
| 100% AWE | 100 | 13.4 ± 1.5 b | ||
| Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) | CTRL | 100 | 14.9±1.5 a | |
| 50% AWE | 74 ± 17 | 10.3 ± 0.5 b | ||
| 75% AWE | 78 ± 29 | 10.3 ± 0.9 b | ||
| 100% AWE | 78 ± 11 | 9.9 ± 1.19 b |
Mean values ± standard deviations are reported. Means followed by a common lowercase letter are not significantly different by the HSD test at 5% level of significance (HSD = Tukey’s honestly significant difference at 5% level of significance).