Table 4.
Statistical Analysis (Unadjusted and Final Adjusted Models)
| Variable | Number (%) | Median score on MD thermometer | Unadjusted comparisons |
Adjusted model |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Odds ratio | CI | p | Odds ratio | CI | p | |||
| Age | 38.9 years ±11.22 | 0.98 | [0.96–1.00] | 0.11 | 0.99 | [0.94–1.04] | 0.7 | |
| Gender | ||||||||
| Male (ref) | 97 (36.7%) | 6 | 1.00 | [0.63–1.61] | 0.984 | 2.12 | [1.03–4.33] | 0.04 |
| Female | 167 (63.3%) | 6 | ||||||
| Ethnicity | ||||||||
| Hispanic or Latino | 9 (3.5%) | 8 (10.1) | 0.90 | [0.23–3.14] | 0.87 | 0.84 | [0.12–5.69] | 0.86 |
| Non-Hispanic (ref) | 252 (96.5%) | 6 (9.2) | ||||||
| Race | ||||||||
| White (ref) | 213 (82.6%) | 7 | ||||||
| Black | 10 (3.9%) | 4 | 0.623 | [0.19–2.03] | 0.98 | 1.29 | [0.31–5.33] | 0.149 |
| Asian | 21 (8.1%) | 6 | 0.766 | [0.33–1.78] | 0.59 | 0.27 | [0.09–0.82] | 0.14 |
| Other (including native Hawaii, American Indian) | 14 (5.4%) | 2.5 | 0.33 | [0.12–0.95] | 0.13 | 0.28 | [0.06–1.36] | 0.27 |
| Current role | ||||||||
| Fellow (ref) | 11 (4.41%) | 8 | ||||||
| Resident (ref) | 61 (22.93%) | 8 | ||||||
| Attending | 60 (22.6%) | 7 | 0.66 | [0.33–1.29] | 0.73 | 0.248 | [0.050–1.223] | 0.45 |
| Nurse/other | 134 (50.4%) | 5 | 0.35 | [0.20–0.63] | 0.001 | 0.14 | [0.03–0.63] | 0.01 |
| Specialty | ||||||||
| Nephrology (ref) | 22 (8.3%) | 8 | ||||||
| Internal medicine | 74 (28.0%) | 7.5 | 0.72 | [0.27–1.97] | 0.33 | 0.724 | [0.21–2.55] | 0.45 |
| Emergency medicine | 69 (26.1%) | 5 | 0.30 | [0.11–0.82] | 0.03 | 0.27 | [0.08–0.97] | 0.07 |
| Critical care | 59 (22.3%) | 6 | 0.40 | [0.15–1.10] | 0.28 | 0.53 | [0.14–2.12] | 0.947 |
| Palliative care | 6 (2.3%) | 8 | 2.00 | [0.21–18.88] | 0.14 | 1.2 | [0.07–20.01] | 0.49 |
| Other (Medical-Surgical nurses) | 34 (12.9%) | 2 | 0.155 | [0.05–0.47] | <0.001 | 0.22 | [0.05–0.97] | 0.04 |
| No. of patients encounter | ||||||||
| <5 (ref) | 45 (16.2%) | 7 | ||||||
| 5–10 | 61 (22%) | 5 | 0.72 | [0.34–1.49] | 0.763 | 0.46 | [0.166.1.295] | 0.18 |
| 11–19 | 38 (13.7%) | 5 | 0.61 | [0.27–1.39] | 0.379 | 0.466 | [0.154–1.415] | 0.25 |
| >20 | 134 (48.2%) | 6.5 | 0.77 | [0.41–1.48] | 0.943 | 0.95 | [0.36–2.478] | 0.17 |
| Education in bioethics | ||||||||
| No (ref) | 13 (51.7%) | 6 | 1.13 | [0.717–1.784] | 0.597 | 0.918 (0.518–1.628); p=0.770 | ||
| Yes | 128 (48.3%) | 7 | ||||||
| Q4: Access to adequate health care by undocumented immigrants | ||||||||
| Disagree/neither (ref) | 233 (82.9%) | 6 | ||||||
| Agree | 48 (17.1%) | 6.5 | 1.03 | [0.58–1.86] | 0.910 | 1.33 | [0.55–3.23] | 0.53 |
| Q8: QOL of undocumented immigrant compared with citizens with ESRD | ||||||||
| Less than (ref) | 214 (77.3%) | 6 | ||||||
| About the same | 34 (12.3%) | 5.5 | 0.99 | [0.50–1.95] | 0.7 | 0.91 | [0.34–2.42] | 0.40 |
| Better than | 13 (4.7%) | 8 | 2.77 | [0.82–9.4] | 0.06 | 3.09 | [0.68–14.15] | 0.10 |
| Do not know | 16 (5.8%) | 4 | 0.57 | [0.22–1.47] | 0.08 | 0.85 | [0.26–2.77] | 0.41 |
| Practice years | ||||||||
| <5 (ref) | 51 (20.4%) | 5 | ||||||
| 5–9 | 38 (15.2%) | 5 | 1.04 | [0.48–2.28] | 0.245 | 1.08 | [0.40– 2.86] | 0.95 |
| 10–14 | 31 (12.4%) | 6 | 1.55 | [0.67–3.59] | 0.77 | 1.25 | [0.42– 3.74] | 0.63 |
| 15–19 | 20 (8%) | 5 | 1.54 | [0.58–4.07] | 0.83 | 1.23 | [0.32– 4.70] | 0.73 |
| >20 | 51 (20.4%) | 6 | 1.39 | [0.67–2.88] | 0.93 | 1.30 | [0.31– 5.44] | 0.66 |
| N/A, trainee | 59 (23.6%) | 8 | 2.39 | [1.16–4.92] | 0.04 | 0.61 | [0.15– 2.44] | 0.4 |
MD, moral distress; QOL, quality of life.