Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics
| Category | ≤24 h Post-trauma | 25-72 h Post-trauma | >72 h Post-trauma | Total | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Accident, n (%) | 0.23 | ||||
| Fall | 21 (30.4) | 29 (42.0) | 19 (27.6) | 69 (100) | |
| MVC | 6 (37.5) | 4 (25) | 6 (37.5) | 16 (100) | |
| Other | 9 (56.3) | 5 (31.2) | 2 (12.5) | 16 (100) | |
| Total | 36 (35.7) | 38 (37.6) | 27 (26.7) | 101) (100) | |
| Gender, n (%) | 0.55 | ||||
| Male | 31 (37.8) | 29 (35.4) | 22 (26.8) | 82 (100) | |
| Female | 5 (26.3) | 9 (47.4) | 5 (26.3) | 19 (16.7) | |
| Total | 36 (35.7) | 38 (37.6) | 27 (26.7) | 101 (100) | |
| Age (years), mean (SD) | 58.1 (11.3) | 57.4 (12.4) | 58.2 (11.8) | 57.9 (11.7) | 0.95 |
| AIS grade, n (%) | 0.19 | ||||
| AIS C | 10 (27.8) | 11 (28.9) | 3 (11.1) | 24(23.7) | |
| AIS D | 26 (72.2) | 27 (71.1) | 24 (88.9) | 77 (76.3) | |
| Admission ASIA motor score, mean (SD) | 62.9 (24.3) | 68.08 (24.7) | 75.9 (18.6) | 68.3 (23.4) | 0.08 |
| Follow-up ASIA motor score, mean (SD) | 91.1 (15.8) | 91.9 (13.4) | 97.5 (3.8) | 93.1 (12.8) | 0.11 |
| Neuroimaging biomarkers | |||||
| Morphometric measures | |||||
| Number of stenotic segments, n | 2.6 | 2.7 | 3.0 | 2.8 | 0.45 |
| Maximum canal compromise | 37.3 (7.8) | 39.1 (8.6) | 39.6 (10.1) | 38.6 (8.7) | 0.64 |
| Level of spinal cord compression, n (%) | 0.43 | ||||
| C3/C4 | 17 (32.1) | 22 (41.5) | 14 (26.4) | 53 | |
| C4/C5 | 9 (32.1) | 9 (32.1) | 10 (35.8) | 28 | |
| Other | 10 (50) | 7 (35) | 3 (15) | 20 | |
| MRI signal characteristics | |||||
| IMLL (mm) | 24.6 (12.2) | 24.0 (10.4) | 19.4 (9.7) | 23.0 (11.0) | 0.14 |
| Number of T2 signal intensity points | 1.19 (0.40) | 1.31 (0.52) | 1.29 (0.46) | 1.26 (0.46) | 0.69 |
| Methylprednisolone protocol | 0.15 | ||||
| Was infused | 11 (29.7) | 12 (32.4) | 14 (37.9) | 37 (36.6) | |
| Was not infused | 24 (37.5) | 26 (40.6)) | 14 (21.9) | 64 (64.4) | |
| Surgical technique, n (%) | 0.22 | ||||
| ACDF/ACCF | 13 (32.5) | 16 (40) | 11 (27.5) | 40 (100)) | |
| ACDF+laminectomy | 9 (56.3) | 6 (37.5) | 1 (6.2) | 16 (100) | |
| Laminectomy or expansive laminoplasty | 14 (31.1) | 16 (35.6) | 15 (33.3) | 45 (100) | |
| Total | 36 (35.7) | 38 (37.6) | 27 (26.7) | 101 (100) |
Descriptive data for the cohort of 101 patients who presented with ATCCS caused by spinal stenosis, including patient demographics, injury mechanism, clinical characteristics, neuroimaging biomarkers (CT and MRI), steroid protocol, and surgical technique. All patients were admitted to The R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center and are stratified here by the timing of surgical decompression from traumatic ictus: early (≤ 24 h), late (25–72 h), and delayed (>72 h).
ACDF/ACCF, anterior cervical discectomy and fusion/anterior cervical corpectomy and fusion; AIS, American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) Impairment Scale; ATCCS, acute traumatic central cord syndrome; IMLL, intramedullary lesion length; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; MVC, motor vehicle collision; SD, standard deviation.