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. 2021 Jun 30;9(7):154. doi: 10.3390/toxics9070154

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© 2021 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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The cystometric analysis (CMG) of control, ketamine-treated, and norketamine-treated rats. (A) A one-hour period of CMG in each group observed with the recording software, Biopac Student Lab 4.1 (Biopac Systems Inc., Santa Barbara, CA, USA); (B) Statistical analysis of the intercontraction intervals (ICI), threshold pressure, peak pressure, residual urine volume (RV), mean voiding volume (MVV), and bladder compliance. * indicates statistical differences in comparison with the control group, p < 0.05; ^# indicates statistical differences in comparison with the norketamine group, p < 0.05.