Table 2.
Characteristics of sleep and PA by actimetry.
| ASD | CONT | D Value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sleep variables | Total wearing time of actimeter | 23.4 ± 0.4 | 23.0 ± 0.7 | 0.06 |
| Total bed time (h) | 9.6 ± 0.7 | 9.9 ± 0.8 | 0.48 | |
| Sleep duration (h) | 7.0 ± 0.9 | 7.1 ± 0.8 | 0.12 | |
| Sleep quality index (%) | 74.9 ± 7.1 | 74.4 ± 7.4 | 0.08 | |
| Bedtime resistance (min) | 12.8 ± 7.0 | 10.5 ± 4.4 | 0.31 | |
| Sleep latency (min) | 13.6 ± 9.7 | 15.9 ± 6.6 | 0.21 | |
| Wake-up time resistance (min) | 1.4 ± 3.0 | 0.2 ± 0.4 ** | 0.44 | |
| Awakening latency (min) | 15.5 ± 8.6 | 19.3 ± 6.7 | 0.43 | |
| Wakening after sleep onset (min) | 113.0 ± 41.0 | 126.7 ± 49.3 | 0.31 | |
| Physical activity | Total energy expenditure (kCal) | 1602 ± 566 | 1650 ± 594 | 0.07 |
| MVPA energy expenditure (kCal) | 430 ± 237 | 594 ± 272 * | 0.61 | |
| Total time for PA (min) | 158 ± 77 | 216 ± 59 ** | 0.77 | |
| Time for sedentary behavior (min) | 1282 ± 77 | 1223 ± 61 ** | 0.77 | |
| Time for MVPA (min) | 156 ± 75 | 209 ± 59 * | 0.72 | |
| Time for vigorous PA (min) | 20 ± 21 | 42 ± 19 *** | 0.96 | |
| Time for strong vigorous PA (min) | 2 ± 3 | 6 ± 6 * | 0.86 | |
| Daily steps number | 12,658 ± 4833 | 15,739 ± 3286 * | 0.58 |
Values are mean ± SD. ASD: children with autism spectrum disorders; CONT: control; h: hours; min: minutes; MVPA: moderate to vigorous physical activity (see methods). * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001: significantly different between ASD and CONT.