Table 1.
Participant Characteristics.
| Continuous Variables (Median, Interquartile Range) |
All (n = 97) |
Male (n = 48) |
Female (n = 49) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cord blood mononuclear cell telomere length * | 0.68 (0.55–0.88) | 0.63 (0.48–0.81) | 0.71 (0.59–0.98) |
| CBMC storage time (years) | 2.57 (2.41–2.84) | 2.62 (2.41–2.84) | 2.57 (2.40–2.78) |
| Prenatal household air pollution exposure ** | |||
| Carbon monoxide (CO), ppm | 0.85 (0.49, 1.42) | 0.83 (40, 1.27) | 0.94 (0.60, 1.54) |
| Fine particulate matter (PM2.5), μg/m3 | 58.3 (37.3, 84.3) | 50.1 (35.8, 85.3) | 60.8 (41.3, 79.0) |
| Systolic blood pressure at age four yearsΩ, mmHg | 91 (86, 97) | 91 (86.9, 95) | 90.5 (84, 97) |
| Diastolic blood pressure at age four yearsΩ, mmHg | 64 (58, 70.5) | 62.8 (58, 69.8) | 65 (58, 71) |
| Gestational age at delivery, weeks | 39.7 (39.0, 40.6) | 39.7 (39.0, 40.3) | 39.9 (39.1, 40.7) |
| Maternal characteristics | |||
| Age, years | 26 (22, 33) | 27 (23, 34) | 24.5 (21, 32) |
| Body mass index, Kg/m2 | 22.5 (21.1, 24.1) | 23.0 (21.6, 24.6) | 22.2 (20.8, 23.7) |
| Categorical variables (n, %) | |||
| Cookstove intervention arm | |||
| Control | 46 (47.4) | 21 (43.8) | 25 (51) |
| Improved biomass | 27 (27.8) | 14 (29.2) | 13 (26.5) |
| Liquefied petroleum gas | 24 (24.7) | 13 (27.1) | 11 (22.4) |
| Maternal education | |||
| None | 38 (39.2) | 18 (37.5) | 20 (40.8) |
| Primary school or higher | 59 (60.8) | 30 (62.5) | 29 (59.2) |
| Ethnicity | |||
| 1 | 28 (28.9) | 14 (29.2) | 14 (28.6) |
| 2 | 19 (19.6) | 10 (20.8) | 9 (18.4) |
| 3 | 26 (26.8) | 13 (27.1) | 13 (26.5) |
| 4 (other) | 24 (24.7) | 11 (22.9) | 13 (26.5) |
* T/S ratio normalized against plate pool average. ** Personal exposure to household air pollution assessed by CO (n = 97) in parts per million and PM2.5 (n = 60, Male n =32, Female n = 28) in ug/m3. Ω Resting systolic and diastolic blood pressure measured at child age four years twice after rest per protocol using the Omron automated BP cuff and then averaged.